November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Technological Milestone

November 23, 1889: the jukebox made its debut, at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco. [Wired article] (next TI, see September 15, 1891)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Anti-beer bill

November 23, 1921, President Warren G. Harding signed the Willis-Campbell Act, popularly termed the “anti-beer bill”,  prohibiting doctors from prescribing beer or liquor for medicinal purposes. [WP article]

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Feminism

Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921

November 23, 1921: President Warren Harding signed The Sheppard–Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921. The act provided for federally-financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and gave 50-50 matching funds to individual US states to build women’s health care clinics. (see Republicans support health care for more) [EPE article] (see Dec 15)

Women’s Health

November 23, 2015: federal 7th Circuit Kudge Richard Posnerpanel ruled that a Wisconsin law that required abortion providers to get admitting privileges at nearby hospitals was unconstitutional. The panel’s 2-1 decision didn’t put the question to rest. Nearly a dozen states had imposed similar requirements on abortion providers, and the U.S. Supreme Court agreed last week to hear a challenge to Texas’ law in a case that could settle the issue nationally.

The Wisconsin case centers on a lawsuit filed by Planned Parenthood and Affiliated Medical Services. The groups argue that the 2013 law amounts to an unconstitutional restriction on abortion. (see January 25, 2016)

Sexual abuse of Catholic nuns

November 23, 2018: The Catholic Church’s International Union of Superiors General, a global organization of nuns, denounced the “culture of silence and secrecy” surrounding sexual abuse in the church and urged sisters who had been abused to report the crimes to police and their superiors.

The organization represents more than 500,000 sisters worldwide. It vowed to help nuns who had been abused to find the courage to report it, and pledged to help victims heal and seek justice.

The statement, issued on the eve of the U.N.-designated International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. [ABC News report] (see March 8, 2019)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

School Desegregation

November 23, 1950: a federal judge on this day ordered an end to the segregation of Mexican-American students in the town of Tolleson, Arizona. School officials in Tolleson had justified the separate schools on the grounds that Mexican-American students often had limited command of English. It was not clear at this point whether the ruling would apply to other school systems in the state. Some, but not all, school districts in the state also had segregated school systems affecting Mexican-American students. Two weeks earlier, on November 7, Arizona voters rejected a referendum that would have ended segregation by race or ethnicity in the state.

The decision in this case came three years after a decision ruling separate Mexican-American schools in California unconstitutional in Mendez v. Westminster on April 14, 1947, and four years before the historic Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, on May 17, 1954, declaring racially segregated schools unconstitutional. [PDF on topic] (see January 20, 1951)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

US Labor History

November 23, 1956: the first meeting between members of the newly-formed National Football League Players Association and team owners takes place in New York. Union founders included Frank Gifford, Norm Van Brocklin, Don Shula and Kyle Rote. They were asking for a minimum $5,000 salary, a requirement that their teams pay for their equipment, and a provision for the continued payment of salary to injured players. The players’ initial demands were ignored.(see December 6, 1957)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

November 23 Music et al

see Beatles 1962 audition for more

November 23, 1962, The Beatles before their US appearance: a 10-minute lunchtime audition before a panel of BBC television producers to assess The Beatles’ talents as a group.

The BBC audition came about after a fan, David John Smith from Preston, wrote to the corporation asking for The Beatles to appear on a show. Falsely assuming that Smith was their manager, the BBC replied offering the group an audition.

Four days afterwards, Brian Epstein received a letter from Ronnie Lane, the BBC’s Light Entertainment Auditioner, declining the request to perform. (Beatles, see Nov 26; BBC see April 13, 1963).

Dale and Grace

November 23 – December 6, 1963,  “I’m Leaving It Up to You” by Dale and Grace #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The Beatles Story

November 23, 1964:  Capital Records released The Beatles Story double LP . Capital billed it as “a narrative and musical biography of Beatlemania on two long-play records.”  The albums featured interviews, press conferences, and songs by the The Beatles.  It was The Beatles’ fourth release by Capitol Records. (see Dec 4)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

Vietnam Race Revolts

November 23, 1972: USS Kitty Hawk crewmen described October 12 riots as a series of all-night brawls during which about 100 black and white sailors “used knives, forks, and chains and anything else they could get their hands on” as weapons. (NYT article) (see Nov 30)

Black Lives Matter

November 23, 2015: during a Black Lives Matter protest in Minneapolis, shots were fired at the protesters hitting 5. (see Nov 25)

Colin Kaepernick

November 23, 2019: ESPN reported that in the week after Colin Kaepernick worked out for seven NFL teams at Charles R. Drew High School in Riverdale, Georgia, no teams reached out to work him out, visit with him or sign him

Kaepernick’s representatives also sent video of their client’s workout to the 25 NFL teams that did not attebd, but that did not led to any interest, either. (next CK, see Dec 23)

#StillReady

November 23, 2020: for the first time in the National Football League’s history, the seven-man crew officiating the Monday Night Football game between the Los Angeles Rams and Tampa Bay Buccaneers were Black.

However, on the same day the Colin Kaepernick tweeted out a video of himself training with former San Francisco 49ers teammate Eric Reid, along with the caption: “1,363 days of being denied employment. Still putting in work with @E_Reid35 Still going hard 5 days a week. #StillReady #StopRunning.” [CNN story] (next BH, see Dec 16; next CK, see Dec 17)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Irish Troubles

November 23, 1979: in Dublin, Ireland, Provisional Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon was sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten of Burma on August 27, 1979. (see March 1, 1981)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Iran–Contra Affair

November 23, 1981: President Ronald Reagan on this day signed a secret directive authorizing the CIA to create the Contras, an anti-Communist insurgency group in Nicaragua. The directive, NSDD-1, authorized $19 million in secret funds. This order was one of the first steps that led to the Iran-Contra scandal that engulfed the Reagan administration in late 1986, and which involved a number of violations of law, established government policy, and civil liberties. President Reagan and his CIA Director William Casey were fierce anti-communists, determined to fight what they saw as communist threats anywhere in the world. They were both committed to this effort, even if it meant violating the law and established policies, as the Iran-Contra affair revealed. (see September 13, 1985)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Jack Kevorkian

November 23, 1992: Catherine Andreyev of Moon Township, Pennsylvania, died in Kevorkian’s assistant Neil Nicol’s home. She was 45 and had cancer. Hers is the first of 10 deaths Kevorkian attended over the next three months; all die from inhaling carbon monoxide. (see JK for expanded chronology)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Native Americans

November 23, 2017: Colin Kaepernick went to Alcatraz Island to join Native Americans protesting the genocide they said  Thanksgiving Day represents to them.

Kaepernick made the surprise visit to the site of the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary to join indigenous people who occupied the island off the coast of San Francisco between 1969 and 1971. There has been an annual sunrise gathering on the island since the takeover of Alcatraz to highlight the deadly, destructive impact on indigenous people of the arrival in America of European colonizers.

He received two eagle feathers from a Native American elder before delivering a brief speech at the UnThanksgiving Day event.“I’m very humbled to share this space with all of you,” he said. “Our fight is the same fight. We’re all fighting for our justice, for our freedom. And realizing that we’re in this fight together makes us all the more powerful.” (NA, see Nov 27; CK, see Dec 3)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Environmental Issues

November 23, 2018: a major scientific report issued by 13 federal agencies presented the stark warnings of the consequences of climate change for the United States, predicting that if significant steps are not taken to rein in global warming, the damage will knock as much as 10 percent off the size of the American economy by century’s end.

The report, which was mandated by Congress and made public by the White House, was notable not only for the precision of its calculations and bluntness of its conclusions, but also because its findings were directly at odds with President Trump’s agenda of environmental deregulation, which he asserts will spur economic growth. [NYT article]

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

LGBTQ

November 23, 2018: the Trump administration asked the Supreme Court to allow it to leapfrog federal appeals courts in several cases concerning the president’s decision to bar transgender people from serving in the military.

Federal district courts had entered injunctions against the new policy, but no appeals court yet ruled on it. The Supreme Court does not ordinarily intercede until at least one appeals court has considered an issue, and it typically awaits a disagreement among appeals courts before adding a case to its docket. [NYT report] (next LGBTQ, see January 15, 2010)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

Cannabis

November 23, 2022: President Joe Biden signed a bipartisan marijuana research bill. The Senate had approved the legislation under unanimous consent the previous week, two months after it had cleared the House. It represented the first piece of cannabis reform legislation in U.S. history to be transmitted to the president.

The legislation gave the U.S. attorney general 60 days to either approve a given application or request supplemental information from the marijuana research applicant. It would also create a more efficient pathway for researchers who request larger quantities of cannabis. [MM article] (next Cannabis, see March 31, 2023 or see CAC for wider chronology)

November 23 Peace Love Art Activism

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

Redefining slavery

November 22, 1865: after the physical and economic devastation of the Civil War, Southern states faced the daunting task of rebuilding with the young white male population drastically reduced by war-time casualties and, due to emancipation, without the enslaved black labor supply on which the entire region had been built. In response, some Southern state legislatures passed race-specific laws to establish new forms of labor relations between black workers and white “employers” that ostensibly complied with the letter of the law while re-creating the involuntary, master-slave relationship.

The Mississippi legislature on November 22, 1865, passed “An Act to regulate the relation of master and apprentice, as relates to freedmen, free negroes, and mulattoes.”  [text] Under the law, sheriffs, justices of the peace, and other county civil officers were authorized and required to identify all minor black children in their jurisdictions who were orphans or whose parents could not properly care for them. Once identified, the local probate court was required to “apprentice” black children to white “masters or mistresses” until age 18 for girls and age 21 for boys.

Though not required to pay a wage to the children, whites were required to pay a fee to the county for the apprentice arrangement and the children’s former owners were to be given preference. The law purportedly required white “masters” to provide their apprentices with education, medical care, food, and clothing but also re-established many of the more notorious features of slavery, including authorizing white masters to “re-capture” any apprentice who left their employment without consent, and threatened children with criminal punishment for refusing to return to work. (see Nov 24)

Nation of Islam

November 22, 1930: Elijah Muhammad founded the Nation of Islam in Detroit. (next BH, see January 12, 1931)

Eleanor Roosevelt

November 22, 1938: first Lady Eleanor Roosevelt violated racial segregation laws in Birmingham, Alabama, by integrating the meeting of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare. At the first day of the conference, white and African-American delegates mixed freely. Someone reported this to local authorities. City Commissioner Eugene Connor ordered the conference to be segregated the following day. Eleanor refused to comply and placed her chair squarely between the separated white and African-American sections. Connor became infamous as “Bull” Connor in the 1963 civil rights demonstrations in Birmingham, when he used fire hoses and police dogs against civil rights demonstrators. (see Dec 12)

Albany Movement

November 22, 1961: when Albany (GA) State College students went to the bus terminal to return home for the Thanksgiving holiday, an Albany State dean — whose job depended on the all-white Georgia Board of Regents — was stationed there to direct them to the “Colored” waiting room. Five young people — 3 from the NAACP Youth Council and 2 from Albany State — defied the dean and the orders of Police Chief Pritchett to leave the white waiting room. They were arrested. Bertha Gober, one of the Albany State students, chose to remain in jail over the holidays to dramatize their demand for justice. (see Albany Movement for expanded chronology)

Star Trek kiss

November 22, 1968: in a Star Trek episode a kiss between William Shatner and Nichelle Nichols is believed to have been the first interracial kiss ever broadcast on national television. It occurred on an episode entitled “Plato’s Stepchildren,” Season 3, Episode 10.  (see January 3, 1969)

Black and Shot: Tamir Rice

November 22, 2014: responding to reports of someone with a gun, Cleveland police officer Timothy Loehmann shot and killed 12-year-old Tamir Rice.

The weapon Rice had in his hand was a pellet gun. Rice died a day later in the hospital. Video footage released by police showed that Loehmann  shot Rice within two seconds of exiting his car. [some chronology]  (B & S, see Dec 2; Rice, see June 11, 2015)

Groveland Four Exonerated

November 22, 2021:  Administrative Judge Heidi Davis officially exonerated Ernest Thomas,  Samuel Shepherd, Charles Greenlee, and Walter Irvin, four young African American men of the false accusation that they raped a white woman in 1949, making partial and belated amends for one of the greatest miscarriages of justice of Florida’s Jim Crow era.

At the request of the local prosecutor, Davis dismissed the indictments Thomas and Shepherd, who were fatally shot by law enforcement, and set aside the convictions and sentences of Greenlee and Irvin. The men known as the Groveland Four, who ranged from 16 to 26 at the time, were accused of raping a woman in the central Florida town of Groveland in 1949.

“We followed the evidence to see where it led us and it led us to this moment,” said Bill Gladson, the local state attorney, following the hearing in the same Lake County courthouse where the original trials were held. Gladson, a Republican, moved last month to have the men officially exonerated. [NPR story] (next BH, see Dec 6; next Lynching, see  March 7, 2022, or see AL4 for expanded chronology)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

Feminism

“The Uprising of the 20,000″

November 22, 1909:  “The Uprising of the 20,000.” Some 20,000 female garment workers strike in New York; Judge tells arrested pickets: “You are on strike against God.” The walkout, believed to be the first major successful strike by female workers in American history, ended the following February with union contracts bringing better pay and working conditions. [JWA article] (next Feminism, see January 2, 1910; Labor March 9, 1910)

Rosenfeld v. Southern Pacific Company

November 22, 1968: the federal court ruled that women cannot be prohibited from working overtime or participating in labor that requires lifting excessive weight. The decision reinforces the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s 1968 issuance of revised guidelines on sex discrimination, which include that  sex-segregated “help-wanted” ads are illegal. (see Dec 1)

Reed v. Reed

November 22, 1971: The Supreme Court decided Reed v. Reed, an Equal Protection case. The Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes.

After the death of their adopted son Richard Lynn Reed, Sally and Cecil Reed sought to be named the administrator of their son’s estate; the Reeds were separated. The Idaho Probate Court specified that “males must be preferred to females” in appointing administrators of estates, so Cecil was appointed administrator.

In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court held that the law’s dissimilar treatment of men and women was unconstitutional.

From Chief Justice Burger’s opinion; To give a mandatory preference to members of either sex over members of the other, merely to accomplish the elimination of hearings on the merits, is to make the very kind of arbitrary legislative choice forbidden by the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; and whatever may be said as to the positive values of avoiding intrafamily controversy, the choice in this context may not lawfully be mandated solely on the basis of sex. (see Dec 15)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

INDEPENDENCE DAY

November 22, 1943: Lebanon independent from France. (see June 17, 1944)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

Religion and Public Education

November 22, 1947: the American Ethical Union announced that it had asked the United States Supreme Court for permission to join in a brief submitted to test the constitutional validity of a system under which sectarian religious instruction is conducted in public school buildings during regular school hours. (see November 25, 1947)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

November 22, 1963

Cold War

In Paris, the C.I.A. gave a disaffected comrade of Castro’s a poison pen that was to be used against the Cuban leader. It was never used. (see Dec 20)

John F Kennedy

November 22, 1963: JFK assassinated in Dallas. LBJ sworn in. (see Nov 24)

Space Race & Technological Milestone

The Relay 1 first broadcast. It was to be a prerecorded address from the President Kennedy to the Japanese people, but was instead the announcement of the Kennedy’s assassination. Later that day, satellite carried a broadcast titled Record, Life of the Late John F. Kennedy, the first television program broadcast simultaneously in the U.S. and Japan.  (Space Race, see October 12, 1964; TM, see Dec 7) 

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

see Beatles November 22 for more

Beatles/CBS

November 22, 1963: The “CBS Morning News With Mike Wallace” runs a story on the Beatles for the network’s morning news show.  CBS planned to repeat the segment that evening on Walter Cronkite’s newscast.  However, that day, in mid afternoon, Walter Cronkite was breaking the tragic news to a shocked nation that their President, John F. Kennedy, had been shot and killed while visiting Dallas, Texas.

Beatles/with the Beatles

The UK release of the 2^nd Beatle album: with the beatles (see Nov 29)

LSD

On his deathbed, unable to speak, Aldous Huxley made a written request to his wife Laura for “LSD, 100 µg, intramuscular.” (see June 17, 1964)

Bob Marries Sara

November 22, 1965:  during a break on his tour, Dylan married Sara Lownds in a secret ceremony on Long Island, NY. The only guests were manager Albert Grossman and a maid of honor for Sara.  A son, Jesse Byron Dylan, will be born on January 6, 1966. (see March 16, 1966)

Alice’s Restaurant

November 22, 1967:  Reprise Records released Arlo Guthrie’s “Alice’s Restaurant” album.

White album

November 22, 1968: released The Beatles, usually referred to as the White Album. [link to site with information] The “White Album’s” original working title was A Doll’s House, which is the name of Henrik Ibsen’s play written in the 19th century. In addition, according to Geoffrey Giuliano, author of The Beatles Album, an illustration was prepared for the cover of A Doll’s House by the famed artist Patrick. However the title was changed when the British band Family released the similarly titled Music in a Doll’s House ear­lier that year. The plain white cover was opted for instead after McCartney then requested the albums sleeve design “be as stark a con­trast to Peter Blake’s vivid cover art for Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band as possible, the complete opposite of it…” he said. (see Nov 28)

Kinks

November 22, 1968, The Kinks released The Kinks Are The Village Green Preservation Society album.

The Vatican, Jesus and the Beatles

November 22, 2008: the official Vatican newspaper L’Osservatore Romano suggested that the infamous statement by John Lennon of the Beatles– who outraged many people in 1966 by saying that the band was “more popular than Jesus”– should be recognized as “the boasting of an English working-class lad struggling to cope with unexpected success.” In an editorial marking the 40th anniversary for the “White Album,” L’Osservatore Romano said that the influence of the Beatles has shown “an extraordinary resistance to the effects of time, providing inspiration for several generations of pop musicians.” (see June 18, 2010)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

Jack Kevorkian

November 22, 1998: CBS’s “60 Minutes” aired Kevorkian’s videotape of Thomas Youk.  The broadcast triggered an intense debate within medical, legal and media circles. (see JK for expanded chronology)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

TERRORISM

November 22, 2005: Jose Padilla, an American once accused of plotting with al-Qaida to detonate a radioactive “dirty bomb,” was charged with supporting terrorism. (see April 22, 2006)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

Stop and Frisk Policy

November 22, 2013: a federal appeals panel denied a request by lawyers for New York City that it overturn Judge Shira Scheindlin’s sweeping ruling on the Police Department’s stop-and-frisk practices on grounds that her impartiality had been called into question. The city had sought to have Scheindlin’s ruling vacated, but the appeals court declined the request, effectively saying the appeal process should run its course. The appeals court added that the city could renew its request later as part of the full appeal. (see Dec 16)

The city’s request appeared to be strategic. While Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg disagrees with Judge Scheindlin’s ruling, Mayor-elect Bill de Blasio does not, and has promised to withdraw the city’s appeal when he takes office in January. Ending the appeal would mean that Judge Scheindlin’s order would most likely go into effect. (see Nov 29)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

Women’s Health

November 22, 2017: U.S. District Court Judge Lee Yeakel struck down Texas restrictions on a common second-trimester  abortion procedure, ruling that the law blocked a woman’s constitutionally guaranteed right to an abortion.

The Texas law, Senate Bill 8, which was supposed to go into effect in September, would have required doctors to stop the heart of a fetus before it could be removed in an abortion, Yeakel ruled that the law imposed an unnecessary medical procedure on women with no known benefit to them.

“The Act does not further the health of the woman before the fetus is viable,” Yeakel wrote. [Reuters article] (see Dec 6)

November 22 Peace Love Art Activism

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Feminism

Lucy Burns

November 21, 1913: Lucy Burns fined $1 for chalking the sidewalk in front of the White House. (see Dec 8)

Suffragists Lucy Burns and Dora Lewis

November 21, 1917: Occoquan jail officials began force-feeding  Lucy Burns and Dora Lewis followed by Elizabeth McShane. Unable to pry open Burns’s mouth, officials inserted a glass tube up her nostril, causing significant bleeding and pain. McShane developed stomach ulcers and gall bladder infection. [Herstory article] (see Nov 27 – 28)

Rebecca L. Felton

November 21, 1922: Rebecca L. Felton of Georgia was sworn in as the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate. (see April 2, 1923)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

School Desegregation

November 21, 1927: first adopted in 1890 following the end of Reconstruction, the Mississippi Constitution divided children into racial categories of Caucasian or “brown, yellow, and black,” and mandated racially-segregated public education. In 1924, the state law was applied to bar Martha Lum, a nine-year-old Chinese American girl, from attending Rosedale Consolidated High School in Bolivar County, Mississippi, a school for white students. Martha’s father, Gong Lum, sued the state in a lawsuit that did not challenge the constitutionality of segregated education but instead challenged his daughter’s classification as “colored.”

When the Mississippi Supreme Court held that Martha Lum could not insist on being educated with white students because she was of the “Mongolian or yellow race,” her father appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

On November 21, 1927, in Gong Lum v Rice, the Supreme Court ruled against the Lums and upheld Mississippi’s power to force Martha Lum to attend a colored school outside the district in which she lived. Applying the “separate but equal” doctrine established in 1896’s Plessy v. Ferguson decision, the Court held that the maintenance of separate schools based on race was “within the constitutional power of the state legislature to settle, without intervention of the federal courts.” The Court thus reasoned that Mississippi’s decision to bar Ms. Lum from attending the local white high school did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment because she was entitled to attend a colored school. This decision extended the reach of segregation laws and policies in Mississippi and throughout the nation by classifying all non-white individuals as “colored.” (see September 18, 1945)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

US Labor History

Columbine Massacre

November 21, 1927: six miners striking for better working conditions under the IWW banner were killed and many wounded in the Columbine Massacre at Lafayette, Colo. Out of this struggle Colorado coal miners gained lasting union contracts. (see May 18, 1928)

César E. Chávez, Dolores Huerta, and the UFW

November 21, 2000: The United Farm Workers union ended its 16-year-old boycott of California table grapes. The union’s co-founder, César Chávez, who died in 1993, had called for the boycott in 1984 to focus on the spraying of dangerous pesticides. ”Some goals of that boycott have already been met,” the union’s president, Arturo Rodriguez, said in a letter. ”César Chávez’s crusade to eliminate use of five of the most toxic chemicals plaguing farm workers and their families has been largely successful.” The union also held two boycotts against California table grapes in the 1960’s and 1970’s. (see April 23, 2003)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

FREE SPEECH

November 21, 1938: The Library Bill of Rights originated on this day with the Des Moines, Iowa, Public Library. The statement was a response to the anti-Semitic actions by Nazi Germany, which included excluding Jews and books written by Jews from libraries. (see June 19, 1939)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Japanese Internment Camps

November 21, 1945: Manzanar, one of the Relocation Centers (usually referred to as concentration camps) in the evacuation and internment of the Japanese-American during World War II, was officially closed on this day. See February 19, 1942 for President Roosevelt’s Executive Order authorizing the program. Many historians regard the evacuation and internment of the Japanese-Americans as the greatest civil liberties tragedy in American history. The government’s program was officially ended on December 17, 1944, but Manzanar did not close until this day, almost a year later.  The site was designated a National Historic Site, on March 3, 1992, and is now managed by the National Park Service.  (see Internment for expanded chronology)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

November 21 Music et al

George Harrison deported

November 21, 1960: from his Anthology: It was a long journey on my own on the train to the Hook of Holland. From there I got the day boat. It seemed to take ages and I didn’t have much money – I was praying I’d have enough. I had to get from Harwich to Liverpool Street Station and then a taxi across to Euston. From there I got a train to Liverpool. I can remember it now: I had an amplifier that I’d bought in Hamburg and a crappy suitcase and things in boxes, paper bags with my clothes in, and a guitar. I had too many things to carry and was standing in the corridor of the train with my belongings around me, and lots of soldiers on the train, drinking. I finally got to Liverpool and took a taxi home – I just about made it. I got home penniless. It took everything I had to get me back. (see Dec 5)

“Stay” by Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs

November 21 – 27, 1960:  “Stay” by Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs #1 Billboard Hot 100. Williams wrote the song in 1953 when he was 15 after unsuccessfully trying to convince his girlfriend to ignore her 10 o’clock curfew. The original recording of “Stay” remains the shortest single ever to reach the top of the American record charts, being only 1 minute and 37 seconds long.

LSD

November 21, 1965: not the first “acid test” but a similar event held six days before the Santa Cruz Acid Test, was the Lysergic A Go Go, staged by Hugh Romney (later Wavy Gravy) and Del Close. Not as participatory as the Pranksters’ Tests, attendees “brought their own head,” recalled Romney. “We did not supply any psychotropics,” Gravy says. “What we provided was a palette.”

Though they distributed “solar meat cream” capsules at the door, according to a Los Angeles Free Press report, they were merely filled with “Safeway hamburger.” The light show was provided by Romney’s roommate, Del Close.  The Lysergic A Go Go was a genuinely chaotic happening, crammed with some 500 heads. (see Nov 27)

John & Yoko

November 21, 1968: Yoko Ono suffered a miscarriage of the baby she was expecting with John Lennon. It had been due to be born in February. Lennon stayed at her side at Queen Charlotte’s Hospital, London, sleeping overnight next to her. When that bed was needed for a patient he slept on the floor. Just before the miscarriage, the fetal heartbeat was recorded. It was included in Lennon and Ono’s 1969 album Life With The Lions, followed by two minutes’ silence. The child was named John Ono Lennon II, and was buried in a secret location. It was later claimed that Ono’s miscarriage was caused by the stress of their October drugs bust and subsequent arrest.(Beatles, see Nov 22; Life, see May 9, 1969)

Beatles’ Anthology 1 

November 21, 1995: The Beatles’ Anthology 1 released in the U.S. The double CD contained 60 songs. (next Beatles, see Dec 9)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

November 21, 1964: the FBI mailed an anonymous letter to Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King containing recordings of King engaging in what the FBI regarded as extramarital sexual activity. The letter was part of the FBI’s attempt to “neutralize” King as a civil rights leader, a strategy it adopted as an official plan on December 23, 1963. The recordings on the tape were derived from secret and illegal surveillance of King by the FBI using listening devices placed in hotel rooms and other locations where the FBI knew King would be. The FBI had installed the first bug on January 5, 1964.

While Attorney General Robert Kennedy approved wiretaps on King on October 10, 1963, he did not approve the use of the far more intrusive “bugs.” The letter and the tape recording sent to King has been sealed by a judge, and it is not publicly available. (BH see Nov 29; MLK, see Dec 1)

SCOTTSBORO TRAVESTY

November 21, 2013: the State of Alabama posthumously pardoned Haywood Patterson, Charles Weems and James A. Wright, the three black men who had been falsely convicted more than 80 years ago in the rapes of two white women, thus absolving the last of the so-called Scottsboro Boys. During a hearing in Montgomery, the Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles voted unanimously to issue pardons to the three men. (see Scottsboro for expanded chronology)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Vietnam

November 21, 1967: Gen. William Westmoreland, commander of U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam, told U.S. news reporters: “I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing.”

With such reassurances, the ferocity of the Tet attacks only two months later stunned Americans. [CFR article] (see Nov 29)

Colonel “Bull” Simons 

November 21, 1970: a combined Air Force and Army team of 40 Americans–led by Army Colonel “Bull” Simons–conducted a raid on the Son Tay prison camp, 23 miles west of Hanoi, in an attempt to free between 70 and 100 American suspected of being held there. The raid was conducted almost flawlessly, but no prisoners of war were found in the camp. They had been moved earlier to other locations. (see January 12, 1971)

Chicago 8

November 21, 1972: all of the convictions were reversed by the US Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit on the basis that the judge was biased in his refusal to permit defense attorneys to screen prospective jurors for cultural and racial bias. (NYT article) (see Nov 23)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Native Americans

Alcatraz Takeover

November 21, 1970: the Indians occupying Alcatraz began their second year on the island in San Francisco Bay today, still determined to get the United States to deed it to them for an Indian culture center. (NA, see Nov 26; Alcatraz, see June 12, 1971)

Code Talkers

November, 21, 2013: 96-year-old Edmond Harjo and other American Indian “code talkers” were formally awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to using their native language to outwit the enemy and protect U.S. battlefield communications during World Wars I and II. (see Nov 26)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Watergate Scandal

November 21, 1973: President Richard Nixon’s attorney, J. Fred Buzhardt, revealed the existence of an 18 1/2-minute gap in one of the White House tape recordings related to Watergate. (NYT article) (see Watergate for expanded chronology)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

DEATH PENALTY

November 21, 1974: the National Conference of Catholic Bishops spoke out against capital punishment in a reversal of the traditional Roman Catholic Church position supporting the death penalty as a legitimate means of self-protection for the state. (see July 2, 1976)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Iran–Contra Affair

November 21, 1986,: National Security Council member Oliver North and his secretary, Fawn Hall, started shredding documents that implicated them in selling weapons to Iran and channeling the proceeds to help fund the Contra rebels in Nicaragua. (see Nov 25)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

The Cold War

Dissolution of Yugoslavia

November 21, 1995: leaders of Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia agreed to the Dayton Accords ending nearly four years of terror and ethnic bloodletting that had left a quarter of a million people dead in the worst war in Europe since World War II. The Accords were formally signed in Paris, France on December 14.  (see Dec 14)

NATO expanded

November 21, 2002: NATO invited seven former communist countries to join the alliance: Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania and Bulgaria.  [RFE article] (see February 19, 2008)

Gen. Ratko Mladic

November 21, 2017: Gen. Ratko Mladic, the former Bosnian Serb commander, was convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. He was sentenced to life in prison.

From 1992 to 1995, the tribunal found, Mr. Mladic, 75, was the chief military organizer of the campaign to drive Muslims, Croats and other non-Serbs off their lands to cleave a new homogeneous statelet for Bosnian Serbs.

The deadliest year of the campaign was 1992, when 45,000 people died, often in their homes, on the streets or in a string of concentration camps. Others perished in the siege of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, where snipers and shelling terrorized residents for more than three years, and in the mass executions of 8,000 Muslim men and boys after Mladic’s forces overran the United Nations-protected enclave of Srebrenica. [BBC article] (see Yugoslavia for expanded chronology)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Sexual Abuse of Children

November 21, 2003: Ohio state Judge Richard Niehaus of Common Pleas Court found the Archdiocese of Cincinnati guilty of failing to report sexually abusive priests in the 1970’s and 80’s and imposed the maximum penalty possible, a fine of $10,000. (NYT article) (see February 27, 2004)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Consumer Protection

November 21, 2007: officials announced the recall of more than a half-million pieces of Chinese-made children’s jewelry contaminated with lead. [TC article] (see February 5, 2014)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE

November 21, 2011: in the Republican race for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination, Rick Santorum, former U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, based his campaign on his strong Christian views.

On this day, he said that the U.S. should be governed by “God’s law.” His position was characteristic of many fundamentalist Christians and their political leaders who believed that religious doctrine — which is to say, their view of what it says — was a higher law than the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. (see May 5, 2014)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

LGBTQ

November 21, 2013: the Pentagon had ordered national guard facilities nationwide to extend equal treatment to married couples in the U.S. military – including same-sex married couples – and Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel gave them a December 1 deadline to comply. Rather than comply, Gov. Mary Fallin of Oklahoma’s announced that Oklahoma will stop processing all military spouse benefit applications at state-owned National Guard facilities rather than begin accepting the applications from same-sex spouses. Instead, military spouse applications, including those of same-sex couples, will only be accepted at four federally owned National Guard bases: the Air National Guard bases in Tulsa and Oklahoma City, the Regional Training Institute in Oklahoma City and Camp Gruber. (see Nov 27)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

TERRORISM

November 21, 2013: officials arrested Pamela Morris, 45, the former secretary of the KKK chapter, for committing perjury before a grand jury investigating a 2009 cross burning her son, Stephen, is being investigated about. (see Nov 29)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Immigration History

November 21, 2017: District Judge William H. Orrick in San Francisco issued an injunction to permanently block President Trump’s executive order to deny funding to cities that refused to cooperate with federal immigration officials, after finding the order unconstitutional.

Orrick’s came in response to a lawsuit filed by the city of San Francisco and nearby Santa Clara County and followed a temporary halt on the order that the judge issued in April.

Orrick, in his summary of the case, found that the Trump administration’s efforts to move local officials to cooperate with its efforts to deport undocumented immigrants violated the separation of powers doctrine as well as the Fifth and Tenth amendments.

“The Constitution vests the spending powers in Congress, not the President, so the Executive Order cannot constitutionally place new conditions on federal funds. Further, the Tenth Amendment requires that conditions on federal funds be unambiguous and timely made; that they bear some relation to the funds at issue; and that they not be unduly coercive,” the judge wrote. “Federal funding that bears no meaningful relationship to immigration enforcement cannot be threatened merely because a jurisdiction chooses an immigration enforcement strategy of which the President disapproves.”  [WP article] (IH, see Nov 29; Trump restrictions, see Dec 4)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Nuclear/Chemical News

November 21, 2017: Russia’s meteorological service reported “extremely high pollution” of a radioactive isotope in the Urals near a facility that previously suffered the third worst nuclear catastrophe in history. This was the first time that the Russians admitted to any issues.

The news bolstered international November 9 report that a ruthenium-106 leak originating in the Urals sent a radioactive cloud over Europe.  Greenpeace Russia said it would ask the prosecutor general to investigate the possible cover-up of a nuclear accident.

Rosatom, Russia’s state nuclear company, said in a statement to The Telegraph there had been “no unreported accidents” and the ruthenium-106 emission was “not linked to any Rosatom site”. Its Mayak facility, where an explosion on September 29, 1957 contaminated a swath of central Russia, told state news agency RIA Novosti that it had not processed nuclear fuel with ruthenium-106 in 2017.[Telegraph article]

Terrorism vulnerability

November 21, 2017: officials with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced a three-month investigation at Millstone Nuclear Power Plant in Waterford, CT had found that a contract security guard there failed to follow proper procedures regarding testing weapons used for the facility’s security and then falsified records to hide what had happened.

The investigation determined the officer deliberately failed to perform his assigned duties, including being responsible for the accountability, testing and maintenance of weapons used to respond to terrorist attacks. Investigators also found numerous discrepancies on a number of weapons maintenance records between January 2015 and June 2016, according to Sheehan.

Specifically, the officer indicated in records that test-firing, cleaning or maintenance activities had been performed on weapons. But in reality, the weapons had not been worked on, and in some cases, had not been retrieved from their staged locations. [ctpost article] (NN and T, see Nov 28)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Trump Impeachment Inquiry/Public

November 21, 2019: in her opening statement, the former top Russia expert on the National Security Council Fiona Hill called for Republicans to stop propagating what she called a “fictional narrative” that Ukraine, not Russia, meddled in the 2016 elections. She called the conspiracy claim a story invented by Russian intelligence services to destabilize the United States and deflect attention from their own culpability.

David Holmes, who worked in the United States Embassy in Kyiv told lawmakers that he overheard President Trump, who was speaking loudly, asking Ambassador Sondland whether Ukraine President Zelensky was “going to do the investigation.” Sondland told Trump that Zelensky “loves your ass,” and would conduct the investigation and do “anything you ask him to,”

According to Holmes’s account, Sondland later told him that Trump cared only about “big stuff that benefits the president” like the “Biden investigation” into the son of former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. Mr. Sondland largely confirmed that account on Wednesday but said he did not recall specifically mentioning Mr. Biden. [NYT story] (see TII/P for expanded coverage)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism

Environmental Issues/Space

November 21, 2020: a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite, an advanced ocean-mapping satellite into orbit for NASA and the European Space Agency.

Built by Airbus in Germany, the satellite was roughly the size of a small pickup truck and carried multiple instruments to track changes in sea level down to just a few centimetres. To measure sea levels, they’ll beam electromagnetic signals down to the world’s oceans and then measure how long it takes for them to bounce back.

The oceanography satellite was named for Michael Freilich, the former head of NASA’s Earth science division. [Space.com article] (next EI, see Nov 25; next Space, see January 24, 2021)

November 21 Peace Love Art Activism