June 12 – July 23, 1961, the original Broadway cast album from Camelot Billboard’s #1.
June 12 Music et al
Medgar Evers remembrance songs
In the months following the June 12, 1963 assassination of NAACP civil rights leader Medgar Evers, musicians wrote several songs about the incident and related topics.
June 12 Music et al
Ballad of Medgar Evers, by Phil Ochs
In the state of Mississippi many years ago A boy of 14 years got a taste of southern law He saw his friend a hanging and his color was his crime And the blood upon his jacket left a brand upon his mindToo many martyrs and too many dead Too many lies too many empty words were said Too many times for too many angry men Oh let it never be againHis name was Medgar Evers and he walked his road alone Like Emmett Till and thousands more whose names we’ll never know They tried to burn his home and they beat him to the ground But deep inside they both knew what it took to bring him downAnd they laid him in his grave while the bugle sounded clear Laid him in his grave when the victory was near
While we waited for the future for freedom through the land
The country gained a killer and the country lost a manAnd they laid him in his grave while the bugle sounded clear Laid him in his grave when the victory was near While we waited for the future for freedom through the land The country gained a killer and the country lost a manThe killer waited by his home hidden by the night As evers stepped out from his car into the rifle sight He slowly squeezed the trigger, the bullet left his side It struck the heart of every man when Evers fell and died.And they laid him in his grave while the bugle sounded clear Laid him in his grave when the victory was near While we waited for the future for freedom through the land The country gained a killer and the country lost a man
June 12 Music et al
Only a Pawn inTheir Game, by Bob Dylan
A bullet from the back of a bush Took Medgar Evers’ blood A finger fired the trigger to his name A handle hid out in the dark A hand set the spark Two eyes took the aim Behind a man’s brain But he can’t be blamed He’s only a pawn in their game
A South politician preaches to the poor white man “You got more than the blacks, don’t complain You’re better than them, you been born with white skin, ” they explain And the Negro’s name Is used, it is plain For the politician’s gain As he rises to fame And the poor white remains On the caboose of the train But it ain’t him to blame He’s only a pawn in their game
The deputy sheriffs, the soldiers, the governors get paid And the marshals and cops get the same But the poor white man’s used in the hands of them all like a tool He’s taught in his school From the start by the rule That the laws are with him
To protect his white skin
To keep up his hate
So he never thinks straight
‘Bout the shape that he’s in
But it ain’t him to blame
He’s only a pawn in their game
From the poverty shacks, he looks from the cracks to the tracks And the hoofbeats pound in his brain And he’s taught how to walk in a pack Shoot in the back With his fist in a clinch To hang and to lynch To hide ‘neath the hood To kill with no pain Like a dog on a chain He ain’t got no name But it ain’t him to blame He’s only a pawn in their game
Today, Medgar Evers was buried from the bullet he caught They lowered him down as a king But when the shadowy sun sets on the one That fired the gun He’ll see by his grave On the stone that remains Carved next to his name His epitaph plain Only a pawn in their game
June 12 Music et al
Mississippi Goddam, by Nina Simone
The name of this tune is Mississippi goddam And I mean every word of itAlabama’s gotten me so upset Tennessee made me lose my rest And everybody knows about Mississippi goddamAlabama’s gotten me so upset Tennessee made me lose my rest And everybody knows about Mississippi goddamCan’t you see it Can’t you feel it It’s all in the air I can’t stand the pressure much longer Somebody say a prayerAlabama’s gotten me so upset Tennessee made me lose my rest And everybody knows about Mississippi goddamThis is a show tune But the show hasn’t been written for it, yetHound dogs on my trail School children sitting in jail Black cat cross my path I think every day’s gonna be my lastLord have mercy on this land of mine We all gonna get it in due time I don’t belong here I don’t belong there I’ve even stopped believing in prayerDon’t tell me I tell you Me and my people just about due I’ve been there so I know They keep on saying ‘Go slow!’But that’s just the trouble ‘Do it slow’ Washing the windows ‘Do it slow’ Picking the cotton ‘Do it slow’ You’re just plain rotten ‘Do it slow’
You’re too damn lazy
‘Do it slow’
The thinking’s crazy
‘Do it slow’
Where am I going
What am I doing
I don’t know
I don’t knowJust try to do your very best Stand up be counted with all the rest For everybody knows about Mississippi goddamI made you thought I was kiddin’Picket lines School boy cots They try to say it’s a communist plot All I want is equality For my sister my brother my people and meYes you lied to me all these years You told me to wash and clean my ears And talk real fine just like a lady And you’d stop calling me Sister SadieOh but this whole country is full of lies You’re all gonna die and die like flies I don’t trust you any more You keep on saying ‘Go slow!’ ‘Go slow!’But that’s just the trouble ‘Do it slow’ Desegregation ‘Do it slow’ Mass participation ‘Do it slow’ Reunification ‘Do it slow’ Do things gradually ‘Do it slow’ But bring more tragedy ‘Do it slow’ Why don’t you see it Why don’t you feel it I don’t know I don’t knowYou don’t have to live next to me Just give me my equality Everybody knows about Mississippi Everybody knows about Alabama Everybody knows about Mississippi goddam, that’s it
June 12 Music et al
Back in My Arms, Again
June 12 – 18, 1965: “Back in My Arms, Again” by The Supremes #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.
June 12 Music et al
The Family Way soundtrack
June 12, 1967: US release of The Family Way soundtrack album by Paul McCartney and assisted by George Martin. (see Beatles Bible for more) (see June 19)
June 12 Music et al
The Road to Bethel
June 12, 1969: Stanley Goldstein and Don Ganoung (minister and head of community relations) attend public meeting in Wallkill Town Hall in an attempt to allay antagonism toward festival. Though town supervisor Jack Schlosser was against the event, he attempted to provide a fair hearing. (see Chronology for expanded story)
June 12 Music et al
LSD
June 12, 1970: Dock Ellis threw a no-hitter for the Pittsburgh Pirates against the San Diego Padres.
According to Ellis, he he had visited a friend in Los Angeles the day before his start, took some LSD and stayed up late into the night. He lost track of which day it was and awoke up thinking he was supposed to pitch the next day, so took acid again.
His friend told him that he was supposed to be on the mound against the Padres that evening in San Diego. Ellis got on a plane an hour later and made it to the park 90 minutes before first pitch.
He recounted of his start in 1984 and said that he was unable to feel the ball or see his catcher. “I started having a crazy idea in the fourth inning that Richard Nixon was the home plate umpire, and once I thought I was pitching a baseball to Jimi Hendrix, who to me was holding a guitar and swinging it over the plate,” , when he first told the world of his trip. “I remember diving out of the way of a ball I thought was a line drive. I jumped, but the ball wasn’t hit hard and never reached me.” (see Oct 27)
June 12, 1972: John Lennon and Yoko Ono released Some Time in New York City, his third solo album. It was a highly political album and panned by critics. (see Aug 30)
June 12 – June 23, 1840: the World’s Antislavery Convention was held in London. The British and Foreign Antislavery Society sponsoring the convention refused to seat women delegates from American antislavery societies. Forced to sit in the gallery, the women, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, discussed the need to hold a convention to discuss women’s status in society. This conversation led to the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. [Historians Against Slavery article] (BH, see March 9, 1841; Feminism, see April 7, 1848)
Chicken wire
June 12, 1928: from June 12th to the 15th, the Democratic National Convention was held in Houston, Texas. One hundred black delegates were segregated from the white delegates by chicken wire. (see Sept 16)
Scottsboro calamity
June 12, 1934: Judge Horton, who had faced no opposition in his previous race, was defeated in his bid for re-election. (see Scottsboro for expanded story)
Niecey Brown murdered
June 12, 1945: Niecey Brown, a 74-year-old Black woman, died from injuries after an off-duty white police officer named George Booker forcibly entered her house and beat her to death with a bottle in Selma, Alabama.
Officer Booker was arrested and charged with murder. During his trial in September 1945, his lawyer cautioned the all-white jury, “[I]f we convict this brave man who is upholding the banner of white supremacy by his actions, then we may as well give all our guns to the niggers and let them run the Black Belt.” The jury heeded this advice, ignoring eyewitness testimony and deliberating for only a few minutes before acquitting Officer Booker of all charges. [EJI article] (next BH, see Sept 18)
Freedom Riders
June 12, 1961: riders were transferred to Mississippi’s notorious Parchman State Prison Farm. Segregationist authorities attempt to break their spirits by removing mattresses from the cells. New Freedom Riders will continue to arrive in Jackson, MS and be jailed throughout summer. (see June 13)
Medgar Evers
June 12, 1963: Byron De La Beckwith assassinated NAACP civil rights leader Medgar Evers [37 years old] outside Evers’ home in Jackson, Mississippi. [Time photos from funeral] (BH, see June 14; see Evers for expanded chronology)
Nelson Mandela
June 12, 1964: Mandela and seven others were convicted and sentenced to life in prison. Mandela was sent to Robben Island prison, seven miles off the coast of Cape Town. He will spend the next 18 years there. [Black Then article] (SA/A, see August 18, 1964; see Mandela for expanded chronology)
Loving v. Virginia
June 12, 1967: the Supreme Court ruled that prohibiting interracial marriage was unconstitutional. Sixteen states that still banned interracial marriage at the time were forced to revise their laws. [ACLU article] (see June 15)
Clifford Glover
June 12, 1974: a jury acquitted Thomas Shea in the Clifford Glover killing (April 28, 1973). Hundreds of people rioted; cars upturned; windows broken; and cash registers stolen. Two police officers were injured. (BH, see June 30; RR, see November 12, 1976)
South African state-of-emergency
June 12, 1986: the South African government declared a nationwide state of emergency, granting itself sweeping powers, including authorization for the police to use force against protesters and to impose curfews. The decree bans the promotion of unlawful strikes, boycotts and protests and puts tight restrictions on the press. More than 1,000 activists are detained. (see Sept 7)
Missouri v. Jenkins
June 12, 1995: in Missouri v. Jenkins the US Supreme Court sets a new goal for desegregation plans: the return of schools to local control. It emphasized again that judicial remedies were intended to be “limited in time and extent.” [Cornell law article] (BH, see June 21; SD, see July 14, 1999)
Cross-burning
June 12, 2014: Pamela Morris, a former secretary of the Ku Klux Klan chapter in Ozark, pleaded guilty to committing perjury before a federal grand jury. Morris admitted she lied during an investigation into the burning of a cross in Ozark by her son, Steven Joshua Dinkle. Morris admitted that she was an officer of the KKK and that her testimony denying any connection to the organization was false according to the office of U.S. Attorney George Beck. The prosecutor said Morris admitted she knew Dinkle committed the cross burning. (see Aug 21)
137 SHOTS
June 12, 2014: the city of Cleveland announced that former Sgt. Michael Donegan would return July 11 as a patrol officer and will receive back pay since his termination in June 2013. He will return to the rank of sergeant. Officials said Donegan had “disengaged himself” from the chase even though he recognized the enormous scope of the situation.
Two other supervisors — Paul Wilson and Ulrich Zouhar – demoted for violating various protocols, would also return in July to their previous ranks as a result of arbitration. (see 137 for expanded story)
Tamir Rice
June 12, 2015: Cuyahoga County prosecutor Tim McGinty said the case of two white policemen involved in the shooting death of 12-year-old Tamir Rice holding a pellet gun would go to a grand jury. (B & S, see September 8; Rice, see Dec 27)
Church burnings
June 12, 2019: U.S. Attorney David C. Joseph for the Western District of Louisiana and Assistant Attorney General Eric Dreiband for the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division announced that a federal grand jury indicted Holden James Matthews for setting fire to and destroying three churches in St. Landry Parish.
According to the six-count indictment, in a span of 10 days, Matthews intentionally set fire to St. Mary Baptist Church in Port Barre, Louisiana, on March 26, Greater Union Baptist Church in Opelousas, Louisian, on April 2, and Mount Pleasant Baptist Church in Opelousas on April 4. The indictment alleged that he was motivated to set the fires because of the religious character of these properties. Matthews was charged with three counts of intentional damage to religious property, hate crime charges that fall under the Church Arson Prevention Act, and with three counts of using fire to commit a felony. (next BH, see July 15; next CB, see Oct 8); see February 10, 2020 for next Holden Matthews)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
LSD
Susi Ramstein
June 12, 1943: everyone on Hoffmann’s team made at least one self-experiment with LSD. Ms. Susi Ramstein did three, the first on June 12, 1943, at the age of twenty-one. She was the first woman to take LSD and the youngest experimental subject at Sandoz. The dosage of her first trial was 100 micrograms, and she found the effects mild and pleasant. She had beautiful visions in which the surrounding world began to shine and in her own words, it was “a good experience.” Unlike Hoffmann, she decided to take a tram home. When she bought the ticket on board from a ticket agent, she thought his nose overly long and the other passengers looked comical. Ms. Ramstein felt steady, was not confused, and found her way home without problem. To be of help in establishing standards for the medical use of LSD, she repeated the experiment twice. The tests were conducted in the lab—at least they began there. All experiences and observations were noted. Susi Ramstein was intent on contributing to the advancement of science and determining the clinical usefulness of LSD. One year after her last trial, she married and left Sandoz.
Dr Max Rinkel
In 1949 : Boston psychiatrist Max Rinkel obtained LSD from Sandoz and initiated work on it at Harvard. Hungarian psychiatrist Nicholas Bercel commenced LSD research in Los Angeles. [Harvard Crimson article] (see April 20, 1950)
Dock Ellis
June 12, 1970: Dock Ellis threw a no-hitter for the Pittsburgh Pirates against the San Diego Padres.
According to Ellis, he he had visited a friend in Los Angeles the day before his start, took some LSD and stayed up late into the night. He lost track of which day it was and awoke up thinking he was supposed to pitch the next day, so took acid again.
His friend told him that he was supposed to be on the mound against the Padres that evening in San Diego. Ellis got on a plane an hour later and made it to the park 90 minutes before first pitch.
He recounted of his start in 1984 and said that he was unable to feel the ball or see his catcher. “I started having a crazy idea in the fourth inning that Richard Nixon was the home plate umpire, and once I thought I was pitching a baseball to Jimi Hendrix, who to me was holding a guitar and swinging it over the plate,” , when he first told the world of his trip. “I remember diving out of the way of a ball I thought was a line drive. I jumped, but the ball wasn’t hit hard and never reached me.” (see Oct 27)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
June 12 Music et al
Camelot
June 12 – July 23, 1961, the original Broadway cast album from Camelot Billboard’s #1.
Medgar Evers songs
June 12, 1963: following Byron De La Beckwith’s assassination of NAACP civil rights leader Medgar Evers, musicians wrote several songs about the incident.
Ballad of Medgar Evers, by Phil Ochs
Only a Pawn inTheir Game, by Bob Dylan
Mississippi Goddam, by Nina Simone
Back in My Arms, Again
June 12 – 18, 1965: “Back in My Arms, Again” by The Supremes #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The Family Way soundtrack
June 12, 1967: US release of The Family Way soundtrack album by Paul McCartney. (see June 19)
The Road to Bethel
June 12, 1969: Stanley Goldstein and Don Ganoung (minister and head of community relations) attended public meeting in Wallkill Town Hall in an attempt to allay antagonism toward festival. Though town supervisor Jack Schlosser was against the event, he attempted to provide a fair hearing. (see Chronology for expanded story)
June 12, 1972: John Lennon released Some Time in New York City, his third solo album. It was a highly political album that most critics panned. (next Beatles, see August 30)
Nuclear/Chemical News
June 12, 1982: Bruce Springsteen, James Taylor, Jackson Browne, Linda Ronstadt and Gary ‘US’ Bonds all appeared at a rally for nuclear disarmament in Central Park, New York to over 450,000 fans. An international convocation at The Cathedral of St. John the Divine featured prominent peace activists from around the world. (see Dec 2)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
Native Americans
Alcatraz Takeover ends
June 12, 1971: a government force of 35 marshals recaptured Alcatraz Island without resistance, removing 15 Indian holdouts remaining from an occupation that had begun on November 20, 1969. [California digital article] (see July 4)
Marlon Brando
June 12, 1973: Marlon Brando appeared on the Dick Cavett Show and reiterated his stance that American cinema and the entertainment industry in general had misrepresented Native Americans, as well as all minority groups. (see February 13, 1974)
Wounded Knee II
1973 – 1976: Native American activists referred to the three years following Wounded Knee II as the “Reign of Terror.” They stated that the FBI carried out intensive local surveillance, made repeated arrests, harassed local tribal members, and instituted legal proceedings against AIM leaders and supporters on the Pine Ridge reservation. (see February 13, 1974)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
US Labor History
Baseball strike
June 12, 1981: Major League Baseball players strike. Team owners wanted to restore their own prerogatives by requiring a team to pay compensation to another when hiring a free agent. Players fought the move in a strike that wiped out almost 40% of the season before being settled by compromise in August, just in time to save the World Series from cancellation. [Baseball reference article] (see Aug 3)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
The Cold War
“tear down this wall”
June 12, 1987: during a speech in Berlin, the Ronald Reagan urged his Soviet counterpart, Mikhail Gorbachev, to “tear down this wall” (see November 24, 1987)
Dissolution of Yugoslavia
June 12, 1999: NATO peacekeeping forces entered the province of Kosovo in Yugoslavia. (see DoY for expanded chronology)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
Jack Kevorkian
June 12, 1997: in Kevorkian’s fourth trial, a judge declares a mistrial. The case was later dropped. (see JK for expanded story)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
Candidate George W Bush
June 12, 1999: Texas Gov George W. Bush announced he would seek the Republican Party nomination for President.
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
Technological Milestone
June 12, 2009: analog television broadcasts ended in the United States, as the Federal Communications Commission required all full power stations to send their signals digitally. (see January 4, 2010)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
June 12, 2015: in Iknorr Singh v Jon McHugh et al, the US District Court for the District of Columbia rule that Iknorr Singh, a Hofstra University student and a Sikh, should be allowed to enter the ROTC program at the University and is permitted religious accommodation of not cutting his hair or beard and wearing a turban. (see June 30)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
Immigration History
Trump’s travel ban
June 12, 2017: a second federal appeals court, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco ruled against President Trump’s revised travel ban. The decision was the latest in a string of court rulings rejecting the administration’s efforts to limit travel from several predominantly Muslim countries.
The administration had already sought a Supreme Court review of a similar decision issued last month by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, in Richmond, Va.
The new ruling affirmed a March 29 decision from Judge Derrick K. Watson, of the Federal District Court in Hawaii. Judge Watson blocked major parts of the revised order, saying they violated the Constitution’s ban on a government establishment of religion. Judge Watson wrote that the statements of Mr. Trump and his advisers made clear that his executive order amounted to an attempt to disfavor Muslims.
“A reasonable, objective observer — enlightened by the specific historical context, contemporaneous public statements and specific sequence of events leading to its issuance — would conclude that the executive order was issued with a purpose to disfavor a particular religion,” Judge Watson wrote. [NYT article] (travel ban, see June 26)
Sessions v. Morales-Santana
June 12, 2017: in Sessions v. Morales-Santana, No. 15-1191, the US Supreme Court ruled that unwed mothers and fathers may not be treated differently in determining whether their children may claim American citizenship. “The gender line Congress drew is incompatible with the requirement that the government accord to all persons ‘the equal protection of the laws,’” Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote for the majority.
The case concerned Luis Ramon Morales-Santana, who was born in 1962 in the Dominican Republic. His father was an American citizen, but his mother was not. His parents were unwed but later married.
The family moved to the United States when Mr. Morales-Santana was 13, and he lived in this country for decades. After convictions for robbery, attempted murder and other crimes, federal authorities sought to deport him.
He resisted, claiming American citizenship. But the law in effect when he was born allowed unwed fathers of children born abroad to transmit citizenship to them only if the fathers had lived in the United States before the child was born for a total of 10 years, five of them after age 14. Mr. Morales-Santana’s father fell just short of satisfying that requirement.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, in New York, ruled for Mr. Morales-Santana, saying that the differing treatment of mothers and fathers was unconstitutional sex discrimination. The appeals court declared him a citizen.
Justice Ginsburg agreed that the law was based on stereotypes that violated equal protection principles. The law, she wrote, was built on a faulty assumption “that unwed fathers care little about, indeed are strangers to, their children.”
“Lump characterization of that kind, however, no longer passes equal protection inspection,” Justice Ginsburg wrote. [Oyez article] (see June 21)
The two leaders signed a joint statement that Trump called “comprehensive.” In the statement, Trump “committed to provide security guarantees” to North Korea, and Kim “reaffirmed his firm and unwavering commitment to complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.”
The statement was short on details and was not immediately released to reporters, but it was legible in a photo of Trump holding it up at the ceremony.
Asked if Mr. Kim had agreed to denuclearize, Trump said, “We’re starting that process very quickly — very, very quickly — absolutely.” (next N/C News, see July 23); Trump/N Korea, see February 28, 2019)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
Cannabis
June 12, 2019: according to a new study researchers identified strains of cannabis burned in mortuary rituals as early as 500 B.C. deep in the Pamir mountains in western China. The residue had chemical signatures indicating high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the plant’s most psychoactive, or mood-altering, compound. (see Cannabis for expanded Cannabis history)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
LGBTQ
Transgender Health Protections Reversed
June 12, 2020: NPR reported that the Trump administration finalized a rule that would remove nondiscrimination protections for LGBTQ people when it comes to health care and health insurance.
“HHS respects the dignity of every human being, and as we have shown in our response to the pandemic, we vigorously protect and enforce the civil rights of all to the fullest extent permitted by our laws as passed by Congress,” said Roger Severino, who directs the Office for Civil Rights in the Department of Health and Human Services, in a written statement announcing that the HHS rule had become final. The rule is set to go into effect by mid-August.
It was one of many rules and regulations put forward by the Trump administration that defined “sex discrimination” as only applying when someone faced discrimination for being male or female, and did not protect people from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. (next LGBTQ, see June 15)
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism
FREE SPEECH
June 12, 2023: the US Supreme Court said it won’t review North Carolina’s decision to stop issuing specialty license plates with the Confederate flag.
As is typical, the court did not comment in declining to hear the case, which challenged the state’s decision. The case was similar to one originating in Texas that the court heard in 2015, when it ruled the license plates are state property.
The current dispute stemmed from North Carolina’s 2021 decision to stop issuing specialty license plates bearing the insignia of the North Carolina chapter of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. The chapter sued, claiming that the state’s decision violated state and federal law. A lower court dismissed the case, and a federal appeals court agreed with that decision. [AP article] (next FS, see June 29)
Women’s Health
June 12, 2024: Southern Baptists voted to oppose the use of in vitro fertilization. The vote was an indication that ordinary evangelicals were increasingly open to arguments that equated embryos with human life, and that two years after the overturning of Roe v. Wade, “fetal personhood” may be the next front for the anti-abortion movement. [NYT article] (next WH, see June 13)
Feminism
June 12, 2024: Southern Baptists rejected a move to crack down on congregations with women in pastoral leadership. The vote dealt an unexpected rebuke to a hard-right faction that has been jockeying for influence in the country’s largest Protestant denomination.
The amendment that was put to a vote would have added language to the denomination’s constitution saying that “only men” could be affirmed or employed “as any kind of pastor or elder as qualified by Scripture.” [NYT article] (next Feminism, see )
June 12 Peace Love Art Activism, June 12 Peace Love Art Activism, June 12 Peace Love Art Activism, June 12 Peace Love Art Activism, June 12 Peace Love Art Activism,
June 11, 1945: the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated two sections of a Florida law: one required state licensing of paid union business agents, the other required registration with the state of all unions and their officers. [Justia article] (see Aug 22)
June 11, 1956: Kendrick Cole had been dismissed from his job with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the terms of the federal Loyalty Program (created by President Harry Truman on March 21, 1947). He appealed, and in Cole v. Young the Supreme Court ruled that his dismissal was improper because his job as a food and drug inspector with the Department of Health, Education and Welfare did not involve sensitive national security matters.
The Court: “The term ‘national security’ is not defined in that [1950] Act, but it is clear from the statute as a whole that it was intended to comprehend only those activities of the Government that are directly concerned with the protection of the Nation from internal subversion or foreign aggression, and not those which contribute to the strength of the Nation only through their impact on the general welfare.” [Oyez article] (see June 21)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
June 11 Music et al
Beatles Tommy Moore
June 11, 1960: drummer Tommy Moore quit The Beatles and returned to his job of driving a forklift at Garston bottle works. Norman Chapman briefly replaced Moore, but Chapman was called into National Service after only three gigs. (see Aug 6)
Beatles on “Here We Go”
June 11, 1962: The Beatles recorded a BBC radio program, “Here We Go”, at the Playhouse Theatre in Manchester, in front of a studio audience composed largely of loyal Cavern fans. This was the last recording on which Pete Best played drums. (see June 21)
Paint It Black
June 11 – June 24, 1966: “Paint It Black” by the Rolling Stones #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The Road to Bethel
June 11, 1969: in an attempt to counterbalance negative local feelings about festival, Stanley Goldstein contacted the Times Herald Record and provided information about festival. (see Chronology for expanded story)
June 11, 1963: Buddhist monk Quang Duc publicly burned himself to death in a plea for President Ngo Dinh Diem to show “charity and compassion” to all religions. Diem, a Catholic who had been oppressing the Buddhist majority, remained stubborn despite continued Buddhist protests and repeated U.S. requests to liberalize his government’s policies. More Buddhist monks immolated themselves during ensuing weeks. Madame Nhu, the president’s sister-in-law, referred to the burnings as “barbecues” and offered to supply matches. (Vietnam & SLV, see June 16)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Black History
James Hood and Vivian Malone
June 11, 1963: James Hood and Vivian Malone attempted to register for classes at the University of Alabama. Governor Wallace stood in front of the Foster Auditorium and delivered a short speech in support of state sovereignty. Hood and Malone were accompanied by US Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach. Wallace, backed by state troopers, refused them entry. President John F. Kennedy federalized the Alabama National Guard later the same day, which put them under the command of the President, rather than the Governor of Alabama. Guardsmen escorted Malone and Hood back to the auditorium, where Wallace moved aside at the request of General Henry Graham. Malone and Hood then entered the building.
Later that day, President Kennedy introduced Civil Rights Act. The bill that he later submitted to Congress was ultimately passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. [Kennedy announcement referenced the admittance of Hood and Malone] (U of A, see Aug 11)
Martin Luther King, Jr arrested
June 11, 1963: police arrested King in Florida for trying to integrate restaurants. (BH, see June 12; MLK, see June 22)
NAACP
June 11, 1966: despite the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which prohibited discrimination in employment based on race, sex, religion, and national origin, African Americans were continuously relegated to low-paying, unskilled jobs. Many industries refused to train or promote African Americans, only permitting white employees to compete for supervisory positions.
During the summer of 1966, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) branches in Birmingham and Pittsburgh held peaceful protests outside of the US Steel Corporation to bring awareness to issues of employment discrimination.
On June 11, 1966, dozens participated in an NAACP-organized march demanding an end to discriminatory labor practices at US Steel in Birmingham. The NAACP also filed more than 200 complaints with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on behalf of US Steel’s African-American employees alleging unfair hiring and promoting practices. Complaints included allegations that the company promoted white workers over more senior Afric (BH, see June 13; Labor, see December 15, 1967)
Martin Chambers
June 11, 1967: Officer James Calvert shot unarmed Martin Chambers, 19, in the back, killing him and setting off three days of riots in Tampa, Florida.
Police pursued Martin Chambers that day because they suspected that he and two other young men had robbed a local photo supply store. While chasing Chambers, a white officer, James Calvert, shot the teenager in the back, killing him. According to newspaper accounts, Calvert shot Chambers as a last resort when the teen would not stop running, and aimed for his shoulder but missed. Chambers died later that day, shortly after arriving at the hospital.
News of the shooting spread quickly throughout Tampa’s African American neighborhoods. That night, citizens began a three day riot, burning and looting businesses in the Central Avenue area. State Attorney Paul Antinori heard testimony from Calvert and three young African American men who witnessed the shooting. The young men reported that Calvert shot Chambers after he had stopped running and had his hands up against a chain link fence. Calvert testified that Chambers was still running when shot, and said he feared that if he did not shoot, Chambers would escape.
Just two days after Chambers was killed, Antinori ruled the shooting was justified. In his remarks, Antinori argued that Calvert’s shot was necessary because Chambers was a felon fleeing apprehension. Without acknowledging that Chambers had not been convicted of a crime, Antinori explained that people who broke the law accepted the risk that law enforcement might have to use force to do their jobs. City officials and African American community leaders feared that the disappointing verdict would incite more violence but the riots ended. In 1990, a Florida Department of Law Enforcement review also found the shooting justified. [Black Then article] (BH, see June 12; RR, see June 27)
Tamir Rice
June 11, 2015: Judge Ronald B. Adrine, presiding judge of the Municipal Court in Cleveland ruled that probable cause existed to charge two Cleveland police officers in the death of 12-year-old Tamir Rice, but the judge also said he did not have the power to order arrests without a complaint being filed by a prosecutor.
In his ruling, Adrine found probable cause to charge Officer Timothy Loehmann, who fired the fatal shot, with murder, involuntary manslaughter, reckless homicide, and dereliction of duty. He also found probable cause to charge Officer Loehmann’s partner, Officer Frank Garmback, with negligent homicide and dereliction of duty.
“This court determines that complaints should be filed by the prosecutor of the City of Cleveland and/or the Cuyahoga County prosecutor,” Judge Adrine wrote. [NYT article] (B & S and Rice, see June 12)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Feminism
Elizabeth Hoisington and Anna Mae McCabe Hays
June 11, 1970: Elizabeth Hoisington and Anna Mae McCabe Hays promoted on the same day to become the first female Generals in the U.S. Army. Hoisington served with the Women’s Army Corps and Hays with the Army Nurse Corps. [Hays obit] [Hoisington obit] (see Aug 10)
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
June 11, 1986: with a 5-4 verdict the Supreme Court ruled that several provisions of the 1982 Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act were unconstitutional because they obstructed a woman’s right to an abortion. [Oyez article] (F, see June 19; WH, see February 26, 1992)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
FREE SPEECH
L.B. Sullivan
June 11, 1977: L.B. Sullivan, a former Alabama public safety director and prison commissioner who was a key figure in a famous Supreme Court libel ruling (see March 29, 1960) , suffered a fatal heart attack at his home on Lake Martin near Tallassee, AL. He was 56. [NYT obit](see June 22)
United States v. Eichman
June 11, 1990: the US Supreme Court invalidated a federal law against flag desecration as violative of free speech under the First Amendment to the Constitution. It was argued together with the case United States v. Haggerty. It built on the opinion handed down in the Court’s 1989 decision in Texas v. Johnson, which invalidated, on First Amendment grounds, a Texas state statute banning flag-burning.
The Supreme Court held that the government cannot prosecute a person for burning a United States flag, because to do so would be inconsistent with the First Amendment. The Government conceded that flag-burning constitutes expressive conduct and enjoys the First Amendment’s full protection.
“It is clear that the Government’s asserted interest in protecting the “physical integrity” of a privately owned flag in order to preserve the flag’s status as a symbol of the Nation and certain national ideals, is related to the suppression, and concerned with the content of free expression.” [Cornell article] (see June 21)
Wisconsin v. Mitchell
June 11, 1993: the US Supreme Court ruled that a state may consider whether a crime was committed or initially considered due to an intended victim’s status in a protected class, i.e., enhanced sentencing for bias-motivated crimes does not violate a defendant’s First Amendment rights. The Wisconsin Supreme Court decision was reversed and remanded. [law dot jrank article] (see March 7, 1994)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Falklands War
June 11 – 12, 1982: missile attack badly damaged British destroyer HMS Glamorgan. British forces took Mount Longdon, Two Sisters, and Mount Harriet. Three Falkland civilians killed in British naval bombardment. (see June 13 – 14)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Karen Ann Quinlan
June 11, 1985: Karen Ann Quinlan died nearly 10 years after being removed from ventilator. [NYT obituary]
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Oklahoma City Explosion
Timothy McVeigh
June 11, 2001: Timothy McVeigh executed by lethal injection at the U.S. Federal Penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana, He was the first federal prisoner to be executed in 38 years. [ABC News article] (OCE, see May 26, 2003; Death Penalty, see June 20, 2002)
Terry Nichols
June 11, 2004: Terry Nichols spared the death penalty by an Oklahoma state court on murder charges stemming from the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. The decision cames on the third anniversary of the execution of his co-defendant, Timothy McVeigh, in Terre Haute, Indiana. [CNN article] (see August 6, 2010)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
June 11, 2010: Flow Rate Technical Group said the leak could be 20,000 to 40,000 barrels (840,000 to 1,700,000 US gallons) of oil a day. (see July 15)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
LGBTQ
June 11, 2015: a measure allowing some court officials to refuse to perform gay marriage responsibilities because of their religious beliefs became law in North Carolina with the state House voting to override the governor’s veto of the bill. The Senate had voted to do the same with Republican Gov. Pat McCrory’s veto a week ago. The law meant some register of deeds workers who assemble licenses and magistrates to solemnize civil marriages could decide to stop performing all marriages if they hold a “sincerely held religious objection.”
The law “protects sincerely held religious beliefs while also ensuring that magistrates are available in all jurisdictions to perform lawful marriages,” House Speaker Tim Moore, R-Cleveland, said in a statement.
Gay rights groups and Democrats who opposed the bill said after the vote that litigation challenging the law was likely to come soon. Republicans supporting the measure said federal laws provided religious accommodations to government officials, in keeping with the U.S. and state constitutions. [ABC News article] (see June 17)
Florida/Transgender
June 11, 2024: U.S. District Judge Robert L. Hinkle blocked Florida from enforcing a law that banned gender-affirming care, specifically puberty blockers and hormone replacement therapy, for minors and restricted it for adults.
The block also pertained to related rules from the Florida’s medical boards.
All major U.S. medical and mental health associations supported gender-affirming care for minors and adults.
“Transgender opponents are of course free to hold their beliefs. But they are not free to discriminate against transgender individuals just for being transgender” Hinkle stated in his ruling. “In time, discrimination against transgender individuals will diminish, just as racism and misogyny have diminished. To paraphrase a civil rights advocate from an earlier time, the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.” [NPR article] (next LGBTQ+, see )
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Voting Rights
June 11, 2018: in Husted v. A. Philip Randolph Institute, the Supreme Court rejected a challenge to one of the practices used by Ohio to remove voters from the state’s voter rolls.
By a vote of 5-4, the justices agreed that the practice under question – which cancels the registration of voters who do not go to the polls and who then fail to respond to a notice – did not violate federal laws governing voter registration. (see June 18)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Native Americans
June 11, 2018: in Washington v US, the US Supreme Court in a 4 – 4 decision, let stand a lower court’s order and ruled that the State of Washington make billions of dollars worth of repairs to roads that had damaged the state’s salmon habitats and contributed to population loss.
“This ruling gives us hope that the treaty we signed was not meaningless, and the state does have a duty to protect this most beautiful resource,” said tribal community chairman, Brian Cladoosby.
The case involved the Stevens Treaties, a series of agreements in 1854 – 55 in which tribes in Washington State gave up millions of acres of land in exchange for “the right to take fish.” In the 1970s, the state sought to control where Native Americans could fish, and tribal members asserted their treaty rights through acts of civil disobedience (some called the protests “The Fish Wars”) and litigation. (see Nov 6)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Immigration History/Japanese Internment Camps
June 11, 2019: the Office of Refugee Resettlement announced it had chosen a military base as a temporary shelter: Fort Sill in Oklahoma, which was used during World War II as an internment camp for Japanese Americans and Japanese immigrants. Before that, it was the longtime prison for Apache leader Geronimo. (next IH, see July 2; next JIC, see February 20, 2020)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
Sexual Abuse of Children
June 11, 2019: leaders of the Southern Baptist Convention opened their annual meeting vowing to focus on an issue that many pastors had long resisted: how to address sexual abuse at their churches.
Thousands of pastors voted to address the problem in a concerted way for the first time, enacting two new measures they say were a first step to reform.
Outside the arena victims and their families protested what they considered an inadequate response.
The pastors voted to create a centralized committee that would evaluate allegations against churches accused of mishandling abuse. They also approved an amendment to their constitution that would allow such churches to be expelled from the convention if the allegations were substantiated. (see Sept 5)
June 11 Peace Love Art Activism
What's so funny about peace, love, art, and activism?
