June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

US Labor History

United Fruit Co

June 11, 1913: police shot at maritime workers striking United Fruit Co. in New Orleans; one killed, two wounded. (see July 18)

Hill v. Florida

June 11, 1945: the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated two sections of a Florida law: one required state licensing of paid union business agents, the other required registration with the state of all unions and their officers. [Justia article] (see Aug 22)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

INDEPENDENCE DAY

June 11, 1921: Mongolia independent from White Russia. [Facts and Details article] (see December 11, 1931)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Cold War

Cole v. Young

June 11, 1956: Kendrick Cole had been dismissed from his job with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the terms of the federal Loyalty Program (created by President Harry Truman on March 21, 1947). He appealed, and in Cole v. Young the Supreme Court ruled that his dismissal was improper because his job as a food and drug inspector with the Department of Health, Education and Welfare did not involve sensitive national security matters.

The Court: “The term ‘national security’ is not defined in that [1950] Act, but it is clear from the statute as a whole that it was intended to comprehend only those activities of the Government that are directly concerned with the protection of the Nation from internal subversion or foreign aggression, and not those which contribute to the strength of the Nation only through their impact on the general welfare.”  [Oyez article] (see June 21)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

June 11 Music et al

Beatles Tommy Moore

June 11, 1960: drummer Tommy Moore quit The Beatles and returned to his job of driving a forklift at Garston bottle works. Norman Chapman briefly replaced Moore, but Chapman was called into National Service after only three gigs. (see Aug 6)

Beatles on “Here We Go”

June 11, 1962: The Beatles recorded a BBC radio program, “Here We Go”, at the Playhouse Theatre in Manchester, in front of a studio audience composed largely of loyal Cavern fans. This was the last recording on which Pete Best played drums. (see June 21)

Paint It Black

June 11 – June 24, 1966: “Paint It Black” by the Rolling Stones #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The Road to Bethel

June 11, 1969: in an attempt to counterbalance negative local feelings about festival, Stanley Goldstein contacted the Times Herald Record and provided information about festival. (see Chronology for expanded story)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Vietnam

see Quang Duc for the full story

South Vietnam Leadership

June 11, 1963: Buddhist monk Quang Duc publicly burned himself to death in a plea for President Ngo Dinh Diem to show “charity and compassion” to all religions. Diem, a Catholic who had been oppressing the Buddhist majority, remained stubborn despite continued Buddhist protests and repeated U.S. requests to liberalize his government’s policies. More Buddhist monks immolated themselves during ensuing weeks. Madame Nhu, the president’s sister-in-law, referred to the burnings as “barbecues” and offered to supply matches. (Vietnam & SLV, see June 16)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Black History

James Hood and Vivian Malone

June 11, 1963: James Hood and Vivian Malone attempted to register for classes at the University of Alabama. Governor Wallace stood in front of the Foster Auditorium and delivered a short speech in support of state sovereignty. Hood and Malone were accompanied by US Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach. Wallace, backed by state troopers, refused them entry. President John F. Kennedy federalized the Alabama National Guard later the same day, which put them under the command of the President, rather than the Governor of Alabama. Guardsmen escorted Malone and Hood back to the auditorium, where Wallace moved aside at the request of General Henry Graham. Malone and Hood then entered the building.

Later that day, President Kennedy introduced Civil Rights Act. The bill that he later submitted to Congress was ultimately passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. [Kennedy announcement referenced the admittance of Hood and Malone] (U of A, see Aug 11)

Martin Luther King, Jr arrested

June 11, 1963: police arrested King in Florida for trying to integrate restaurants. (BH, see June 12; MLK, see June 22)

NAACP

June 11, 1966: despite the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which prohibited discrimination in employment based on race, sex, religion, and national origin, African Americans were continuously relegated to low-paying, unskilled jobs. Many industries refused to train or promote African Americans, only permitting white employees to compete for supervisory positions.

During the summer of 1966, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) branches in Birmingham and Pittsburgh held peaceful protests outside of the US Steel Corporation to bring awareness to issues of employment discrimination.

On June 11, 1966, dozens participated in an NAACP-organized march demanding an end to discriminatory labor practices at US Steel in Birmingham. The NAACP also filed more than 200 complaints with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on behalf of US Steel’s African-American employees alleging unfair hiring and promoting practices. Complaints included allegations that the company promoted white workers over more senior Afric (BH, see June 13; Labor, see December 15, 1967)

Martin Chambers

June 11, 1967: Officer James Calvert shot unarmed Martin Chambers, 19, in the back, killing him and setting off three days of riots in Tampa, Florida.

Police pursued Martin Chambers that day because they suspected that he and two other young men had robbed a local photo supply store. While chasing Chambers, a white officer, James Calvert, shot the teenager in the back, killing him. According to newspaper accounts, Calvert shot Chambers as a last resort when the teen would not stop running, and aimed for his shoulder but missed. Chambers died later that day, shortly after arriving at the hospital.

News of the shooting spread quickly throughout Tampa’s African American neighborhoods. That night, citizens began a three day riot, burning and looting businesses in the Central Avenue area. State Attorney Paul Antinori heard testimony from Calvert and three young African American men who witnessed the shooting. The young men reported that Calvert shot Chambers after he had stopped running and had his hands up against a chain link fence. Calvert testified that Chambers was still running when shot, and said he feared that if he did not shoot, Chambers would escape.

Just two days after Chambers was killed, Antinori ruled the shooting was justified. In his remarks, Antinori argued that Calvert’s shot was necessary because Chambers was a felon fleeing apprehension. Without acknowledging that Chambers had not been convicted of a crime, Antinori explained that people who broke the law accepted the risk that law enforcement might have to use force to do their jobs. City officials and African American community leaders feared that the disappointing verdict would incite more violence but the riots ended. In 1990, a Florida Department of Law Enforcement review also found the shooting justified. [Black Then article] (BH, see June 12; RR, see June 27)

Tamir Rice

June 11, 2015: Judge Ronald B. Adrine, presiding judge of the Municipal Court in Cleveland ruled that probable cause existed to charge two Cleveland police officers in the death of 12-year-old Tamir Rice, but the judge also said he did not have the power to order arrests without a complaint being filed by a prosecutor.

In his ruling, Adrine found probable cause to charge Officer Timothy Loehmann, who fired the fatal shot, with murder, involuntary manslaughter, reckless homicide, and dereliction of duty. He also found probable cause to charge Officer Loehmann’s partner, Officer Frank Garmback, with negligent homicide and dereliction of duty.

“This court determines that complaints should be filed by the prosecutor of the City of Cleveland and/or the Cuyahoga County prosecutor,” Judge Adrine wrote. [NYT article] (B & S and Rice, see June 12)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Feminism

Elizabeth Hoisington and Anna Mae McCabe Hays

June 11, 1970:  Elizabeth Hoisington and Anna Mae McCabe Hays promoted on the same day to become the first female Generals in the U.S. Army. Hoisington served with the Women’s Army Corps and Hays with the Army Nurse Corps. [Hays obit] [Hoisington obit] (see Aug 10)

Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

June 11, 1986:  with a 5-4 verdict the Supreme Court ruled that several provisions of the 1982 Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act were unconstitutional because they obstructed a woman’s right to an abortion. [Oyez article] (F, see June 19; WH, see February 26, 1992)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

FREE SPEECH

L.B. Sullivan

June 11, 1977: L.B. Sullivan, a former Alabama public safety director and prison commissioner who was a key figure in a famous Supreme Court libel ruling (see March 29, 1960) , suffered a fatal heart attack at his home on Lake Martin near Tallassee, AL. He was 56. [NYT obit](see June 22)

United States v. Eichman

June 11, 1990: the US Supreme Court invalidated a federal law against flag desecration as violative of free speech under the First Amendment to the Constitution. It was argued together with the case United States v. Haggerty. It built on the opinion handed down in the Court’s 1989 decision in Texas v. Johnson, which invalidated, on First Amendment grounds, a Texas state statute banning flag-burning.

The Supreme Court held that the government cannot prosecute a person for burning a United States flag, because to do so would be inconsistent with the First Amendment. The Government conceded that flag-burning constitutes expressive conduct and enjoys the First Amendment’s full protection.

“It is clear that the Government’s asserted interest in protecting the “physical integrity” of a privately owned flag in order to preserve the flag’s status as a symbol of the Nation and certain national ideals, is related to the suppression, and concerned with the content of free expression.”  [Cornell article] (see June 21)

Wisconsin v. Mitchell

June 11, 1993: the US Supreme Court ruled that a state may consider whether a crime was committed or initially considered due to an intended victim’s status in a protected class, i.e., enhanced sentencing for bias-motivated crimes does not violate a defendant’s First Amendment rights. The Wisconsin Supreme Court decision was reversed and remanded. [law dot jrank article] (see March 7, 1994)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Falklands War

June 11 – 12, 1982: missile attack badly damaged British destroyer HMS Glamorgan. British forces took Mount Longdon, Two Sisters, and Mount Harriet. Three Falkland civilians killed in British naval bombardment. (see June 13 – 14)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Karen Ann Quinlan

June 11, 1985: Karen Ann Quinlan died nearly 10 years after being removed from ventilator. [NYT obituary]

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Oklahoma City Explosion

Timothy McVeigh

June 11, 2001: Timothy McVeigh executed by lethal injection at the U.S. Federal Penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana, He was the first federal prisoner to be executed in 38 years. [ABC News article] (OCE, see May 26, 2003; Death Penalty, see June 20, 2002)

Terry Nichols

June 11, 2004: Terry Nichols spared the death penalty by an Oklahoma state court on murder charges stemming from the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. The decision cames on the third anniversary of the execution of his co-defendant, Timothy McVeigh, in Terre Haute, Indiana. [CNN article] (see August 6, 2010)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

June 11, 2010: Flow Rate Technical Group said the leak could be 20,000 to 40,000 barrels (840,000 to 1,700,000 US gallons) of oil a day. (see July 15)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

LGBTQ

June 11, 2015: a measure allowing some court officials to refuse to perform gay marriage responsibilities because of their religious beliefs became law in North Carolina with the state House voting to override the governor’s veto of the bill. The Senate had voted to do the same with Republican Gov. Pat McCrory’s veto a week ago. The law meant some register of deeds workers who assemble licenses and magistrates to solemnize civil marriages could decide to stop performing all marriages if they hold a “sincerely held religious objection.”

The law “protects sincerely held religious beliefs while also ensuring that magistrates are available in all jurisdictions to perform lawful marriages,” House Speaker Tim Moore, R-Cleveland, said in a statement.

Gay rights groups and Democrats who opposed the bill said after the vote that litigation challenging the law was likely to come soon. Republicans supporting the measure said federal laws provided religious accommodations to government officials, in keeping with the U.S. and state constitutions. [ABC News article] (see June 17)

Florida/Transgender

June 11, 2024:  U.S. District Judge Robert L. Hinkle blocked Florida from enforcing a law that banned gender-affirming care, specifically puberty blockers and hormone replacement therapy, for minors and restricted it for adults.

The block also pertained to related rules from the Florida’s medical boards.

All major U.S. medical and mental health associations supported gender-affirming care for minors and adults.

“Transgender opponents are of course free to hold their beliefs. But they are not free to discriminate against transgender individuals just for being transgender” Hinkle stated in his ruling. “In time, discrimination against transgender individuals will diminish, just as racism and misogyny have diminished. To paraphrase a civil rights advocate from an earlier time, the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.” [NPR article] (next LGBTQ+, see )

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Voting Rights

June 11, 2018: in Husted v. A. Philip Randolph Institute, the Supreme Court rejected a challenge to one of the practices used by Ohio to remove voters from the state’s voter rolls.

By a vote of 5-4, the justices agreed that the practice under question – which cancels the registration of voters who do not go to the polls and who then fail to respond to a notice – did not violate federal laws governing voter registration. (see June 18)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Native Americans

June 11, 2018:  in Washington v US, the US Supreme Court in a 4 – 4 decision, let stand a lower court’s order and ruled that the State of Washington make billions of dollars worth of repairs to roads that had damaged the state’s salmon habitats and contributed to population loss.

“This ruling gives us hope that the treaty we signed was not meaningless, and the state does have a duty to protect this most beautiful resource,” said tribal community chairman, Brian Cladoosby.

The case involved the Stevens Treaties, a series of agreements in 1854 – 55 in which tribes in Washington State gave up millions of acres of land in exchange for “the right to take fish.” In the 1970s, the state sought to control where Native Americans could fish, and tribal members asserted their treaty rights through acts of civil disobedience (some called the protests “The Fish Wars”) and litigation. (see Nov 6)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Immigration History/Japanese Internment Camps

June 11, 2019: the Office of Refugee Resettlement  announced it had chosen a military base as a temporary shelter: Fort Sill in Oklahoma, which was used during World War II as an internment camp for Japanese Americans and Japanese immigrants. Before that, it was the longtime prison for Apache leader Geronimo. (next IH, see July 2; next JIC, see  February 20, 2020)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Sexual Abuse of Children

June 11, 2019: leaders of the Southern Baptist Convention opened their annual meeting vowing to focus on an issue that many pastors had long resisted: how to address sexual abuse at their churches.

Thousands of pastors voted to address the problem in a concerted way for the first time, enacting two new measures they say were a first step to reform.

Outside the arena victims and their families protested what they considered an inadequate response.

The pastors voted to create a centralized committee that would evaluate allegations against churches accused of mishandling abuse. They also approved an amendment to their constitution that would allow such churches to be expelled from the convention if the allegations were substantiated. (see Sept 5)

June 11 Peace Love Art Activism

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

DEATH PENALTY & Feminism

Bridget Bishop

June 10, 1692: Chief Justice William Stoughton condemned  Bridget Bishop of Salem  for witchcraft after the special Court of Oyer, “to hear,” and Terminer, “to decide,” convened in Salem, Massachusetts.  She would become the first person executed for witchcraft during the Salem witch trials in 1692.  [Virginia edu article] (see September 22)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

Norris Dendy Lynched

July 4, 1910: a white mob in Clinton, South Carolina, seized a 35-year-old Black man named Norris Dendy from a local jail cell, beat him, and hanged him. The mob then dumped Mr. Dendy’s brutalized body in a churchyard seven miles from Laurens County. Even though several Black people witnessed the mob seizing Mr. Dendy from the local jail, no one was ever held accountable. [EJI article] (next BH, see Sept 2; next Lynching, see May 24, 1911 or see AL2 for expanded chronology)

Marcus Garvey

June 10, 1940: Garvey died in London. [NYT obit] (next BH, see June 20; see MG for expanded story)

Fighting school desegregation

June 10, 1954: governors and representatives from twelve Southern states met in Richmond, Virginia, and resolved not to voluntarily comply with the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education, released less than a month earlier. Virginia Governor Thomas Stanley called the meeting to discuss potential approaches the Southern states could take in responding to Brown. The governors of Georgia, South Carolina, and Mississippi had publicly stated their intent to maintain the separation of white and black students, even if it required them to dissolve the public education systems in their respective states. The governors of Louisiana, North Carolina, and Virginia had been less radical but had expressed an interest in legal methods of avoiding integration.

Representatives met for six hours to discuss their concerns. In the end, only representatives from Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky – states with comparatively small African American populations – indicated they would comply with the desegregation order.

Said Governor Stanley of the meeting, “No one had any thought of doing anything wrong. Everyone is just trying to find a solution to what they consider a major problem.” It was not until a later meeting of Southern governors, in January 1956, that Southern officials created a concrete plan for resisting Brown. At that meeting, four Southern governors agreed to interposition, by which a state can attempt to declare federal actions unconstitutional. (BH, see July 11; SD, see Aug 23)

Ben Chester White

June 10, 1966: three Klansmen approached Ben Chester White at his home near Natchez, Mississippi, and asked for him help in finding a lost dog.  The men  drove White, a 67-year old sharecropper,  to the Homochitto National Forest, where they shot him repeatedly, then dumped his body over a  bridge into the creek bed below.

The three men, Ernest Avants , Claude Fuller, and James Lloyd Jones, had allegedly killed White in an attempt to lure Martin Luther King, Jr. to Natchez, Mississippi.  Ernest Avants was tried in 1967 but acquitted.

In 2003, the New York Times described Chester this way: Ben Chester White used twists of wire to hold the soles on his shoes, patched his own clothes with scrap and said “yes, sir,” to white men, and when he made a little money, he wrapped the $1 bills in wax paper so they would not be ruined by his own sweat. He was not registered to vote, and had never fought against the segregation that was as much a fact of life for him as a hoe handle or cotton sack.  [Clarion Ledger article] (White, see February 2003; BH, see June 11; MLK, see Aug 5)

James Earl Ray escapes

June 10, 1977: Ray, the convicted assassin of Martin Luther King Jr., escaped from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Tennessee with six others; he was recaptured Jun 13. [Ozy dot com article] (see February 15, 1978)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Cultural Milestone

Alcoholics Anonymous

June 10, 1935: Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith found Alcoholics Anonymous in Akron, Ohio. [AA site/history] (see June 4, 1937)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

US Labor History

Republic Steel pays vigilantes

June 10, 1937: in an effort to break the picket line by striking steelworkers at Newton Steel – a subsidiary of Republic Steel – in Monroe, Michigan, city leaders deputized a vigilante mob who attack the strikers with tear gas and clubs. Eight people were injured and hospitalized. An inquiry later revealed that Republic Steel had paid the city for the purchase of the weapons. (see June 19)

Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co

June 10, 1946: the US Supreme Court held that preliminary work activities, where controlled by the employer and performed entirely for the employer’s benefit, are properly included as working time under Fair Labor Standards Act. This decision is known as the “portal to portal case,” i.e., door to door: the worker’s presence inside the workplace can typically be considered time they should be compensated for. [Cornell law article] (see Nov 25)

The Equal Pay Act of 1963

June 10, 1963:  President Kennedy signed The Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibited discrimination in wages on the basis of sex. The result: women’s earnings will climb from 62% of men’s in 1970 to 80% in 2004  [EEOC article] (LH, see December 31, 1964; F, see July 2, 1964)

Voting Rights

Colegrove v. Green

June 10, 1946: the U.S. Supreme Court upheld uneven congressional redistricting plans in Colegrove v. Green. The case challenged an Illinois redistricting plan that concentrated voters into large districts in the center of the state and did not balance for population. The Court reasoned that districting was a political question for the states to decide without judicial interference. (VR, see August 29, 1957; Districting, see March 26, 1962)

Civil Rights Bill

June 10, 1964: the U.S. Senate voted to limit further debate on a proposed civil rights bill, shutting off a filibuster by southern lawmakers. (BH & VR, see June 14; Civil Rights Act, see June 19)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Nuclear/Chemical News

June 10, 1963: at the commencement of American University President Kennedy spoke about service to country, but particularly about nuclear disarmament and announced that the US would stop above ground atomic testing as long as the other nuclear nations also did so. [JFK’s speech] (see June 20)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

see June 10 Music et al for more

Grateful Dead

June 10 – 11, 1966: the Dead played the Avalon Ballroom in San Francisco The poster’s central image was a drawing of a skeleton with a disproportionately large skull. The skeleton is very smartly dressed, wearing a cowboy hat and smoking a cigar. This poster is significant historically because it represents the first use of a skeleton as an emblem for the Grateful Dead. It predates the iconic Skeleton and Roses poster by Mouse Studios by several months which eventually became the signature of the Grateful Dead. (see Sept 16)

see Fantasy Fair and Magic Mountain Music Festival for more

June 10 – 11, 1967: the KFRC Fantasy Fair and Magic Mountain Music Festival was held at the 4,000 seat Sidney B. Cushing Memorial Amphitheatre on the face of Mount Tamalpais in Marin County, CA. At least 36,000 people attended the two-day concert and fair that was one of the first in a series of San Francisco area events that became known as the Summer of Love. (see June 16)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Stop and Frisk Policy

Terry v. Ohio

June 10, 1968: the U.S. Supreme Court established a legal basis for officers to stop, question and frisk citizens. The Court  held that the Fourth Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures was not violated when a police officer stopped a suspect on the street and frisked him without probable cause to arrest, if the police officer had a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, was committing, or was about to commit a crime and has a reasonable belief that the person “may be armed and presently dangerous.” [Oyez article] (S & F: see September 1, 1971; 4^th, see January 26, 1971)

Whren v. United States

June 10, 1996: the US Supreme Court unanimously “declared that any traffic offense committed by a driver was a legitimate legal basis for a stop.”

The case’s Supreme Court syllabus stated that the court held that “the temporary detention of a motorist upon probable cause to believe that he has violated the traffic laws does not violate the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition against unreasonable seizures, even if a reasonable officer would not have stopped the motorist absent some additional law enforcement objective.” In other words, it does not matter if the traffic stop was pretextual, so long as there was independent justification for the stop. [Oyez article] (see October 26, 2001)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

TERRORISM

June 10, 1986: a jury recommended the death sentence for David Lewis Rice who had murdered four members of the Goldmark family because he thought they were part of an international conspiracy among Communists, Jews and the Federal Reserve Board. (see May 17, 1987)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

SOUTH AFRICA/APARTHEID

Nelson Mandela

June 10, 1990:  the Central Intelligence Agency played an important role in the arrest in 1962 of Nelson Mandela. The intelligence service, using an agent inside the African National Congress, provided South African security officials with precise information about Mr. Mandela’s activities that enabled the police to arrest him. The report quoted an unidentified retired official who said that a senior C.I.A. officer told him shortly after Mr. Mandela’s arrest: ”We have turned Mandela over to the South African Security branch. We gave them every detail, what he would be wearing, the time of day, just where he would be.” (see Mandela fro expanded chronology)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

CLINTON IMPEACHMENT

June 10, 1998: former White House Deputy Chief of Staff Harold Ickes appears before the grand jury to testify about his involvement, if any, in the release of information from Linda Tripp’s personnel records. (see Clinton for expanded story)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Dissolution of Yugoslavia

June 10, 1999: Yugoslav troops begin leaving Kosovo, prompting NATO to suspend its punishing 78-day air war. (see DoY for expanded chronology)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Sexual Abuse of Children

June 10, 2015: the Vatican announced that Roman Catholic bishops accused of covering up or failing to prevent the sexual abuse of children by priests would be subject to judgment and discipline by a new Vatican tribunal.

The decision was a measure that abuse victims had urged for years. The church had judicial procedures for judging priests accused of abuse, but until this announcement bishops accused of negligence or cover-ups were almost never held accountable by the church itself.

The tribunal would also deal with the backlog of cases involving sexual abuse, “which are still very numerous,” a Vatican official said. The issue of accountability has been under discussion for some time, said the Vatican’s chief spokesman, the Rev. Federico Lombardi. “As you see, it didn’t remain on paper,” he said. [Guardian article]  (see June 15)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Environmental Issues

June 10, 2019: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that Canada would join a growing global movement with a plan to ban single-use plastics blighting the environment.

Trudeau noted that Canada threw away 8 billion Canadian dollars’ worth of plastic material each year and that, according to Environment and Climate Change Canada, the national environmental agency, that included more than 34 million plastic bags each day. By recycling and reusing plastic, Mr. Trudeau said, the country could reduce pollution, create 42,000 jobs and protect the environment. [NYT article]  (see June 17)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Women’s Health

June 10, 2019: Maine’s Gov. Janet Mills signed a bill allowing medical professionals who are not doctors to perform abortions.

The bill would allow nurse practitioners, physician assistants and certified nurse-midwives to provide abortion medication and perform in-clinic abortions, which typically involve suction.

Maine joined other Democrat-led states moving to protect and in some cases expand abortion rights as GOP-led states push tighter restrictions .

“Maine is defending the rights of women and taking a step toward equalizing access to care as other states are seeking to undermine, rollback, or outright eliminate these services,” Mills said. (see June 28)

June 10 Peace Love Art Activism

LGBTQ+

June 10, 2022: according to a report the number of young people who identified as transgender nearly doubled in recent years.

The analysis, relying on government health surveys conducted from 2017 to 2020, estimated that 1.4 percent of 13- to 17-year-olds and 1.3 percent of 18- to 24-year-olds were transgender, compared with about 0.5 percent of all adults.

The surveys, created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, did not ask younger teenagers about nonbinary or other gender identities, which also have been rising in recent years. But nearly one-quarter of the adults in the surveys who said they were transgender identified as “gender nonconforming.” [NYT article] (next LGBTQ+, see Dec 13)