April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

Cincinnati Riot

April 11, 1836: white residents of Cincinnati rioted. They rallied first against the city’s newly established abolitionist newspaper, The Philanthropist, destroying editor James Birney’s printing press and throwing the pieces into the Ohio River. From there they rampaged through black neighborhoods, attacking businesses and looting private homes. [Smithsonian article] (Cincinnati, see July 12; next BH, see Apr 28)

Medgar Evers assassination

April 11, 1964: the day after ten crosses were burned in the Jackson, Mississippi area, 75 KKK members showed up as spectators at the trial of Byron De La Beckwith. Capt. Ralph Hargrove of the Jackson Police Department testified that the fingerprint found on the rifle that killed Medgar Evers was De La Beckwith’s. (BH, see Apr 12; see Evers for extensive chronology)

Fair Housing

April 11, 1968: President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which was meant as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The 1968 act expanded on previous acts and prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, sex, (and as amended) handicap and family status. Title VIII of the Act is also known as the Fair Housing Act (of 1968). (HUD dot GOV article) (BH, see Apr 19; FH, see June 17)

Trayvon Martin Shooting

April 11, 2012: Angela B. Corey, the Florida special prosecutor, announced a second-degree murder charge against George Zimmerman in the shooting death of Trayvon Martin. (see Apr 22)

Church Burning

April 11, 2019: police arrested Holden Matthews, a 21-year-old white male from St. Landry Parish and the son of a Louisiana sheriff’s deputy as a suspect in connection with three historically black churches that were torched since March 26.

Authorities charged Matthews with state crimes on three counts of simple arson on a religious building. Each charge has a maximum penalty of 15 years in prison. (next BH, see Apr 24; Matthews, see June 12)

Daunte Wright Killed

April 11, 2021: after a brief struggle with officers, police officer  Kimberly Potter shot and killed Daunte Wright, a 20-year-old Black man, during a traffic stop and attempted arrest for an outstanding arrest warrant in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, Wright was shot at close range. He then drove off a short distance, but his vehicle collided with another and hit a concrete barrier. Officers pulled Wright out of his car and administered CPR, but were unsuccessful in their attempts to revive him and he was pronounced dead at the scene.

The following day, police said that Potter meant to use her Taser, but accidentally grabbed her gun instead, striking Wright with one shot to his chest. Two days later, Potter and Brooklyn Center police chief Tim Gannon resigned from their position.

On April 14, Potter was arrested and charged with second-degree manslaughter.  [NYT article] (next BH, see Apr 28; Potter verdict, see Dec 23)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

see April 11 Music et al for more

FREE SPEECH

April 11, 1961: NYC Mayor Wagner, announced his support of the ban issued by Newbold Morris, the Commissioner of Parks, against folk singing and guitar playing in Washington Square Park. (see NYC bans for expanded story)

Bob Dylan

April 11, 1961: Dylan played his first solo live gig in New York City at Gerde’s Folk City, opening for John Lee Hooker. (see Apr 24)

Beatles

April 11, 1962: John Lennon, Paul McCartney and Pete Best flew to Germany for their first residency at the Star-Club in Hamburg. George Harrison was unwell at the time, and so flew to Germany the following day with The Beatles’ manager Brian Epstein.

Lennon, McCartney and Best were met at the airport in Hamburg by Astrid Kirchherr, whose fiancee Stuart Sutcliffe had died of a brain haemorrhage the previous day. The loss was devastating for The Beatles.. (see June 4)

14 spots  Billboard Hot 100

April 11, 1964:  the Beatles held 14 spots on the Billboard Hot 100. Previously, the highest number of concurrent singles by one artist  was nine by Elvis Presley on Dec 19, 1956. (Beatles, see Apr 27; Elvis, see January 2, 1965)

Beatles’ Hot 14 Chart #s on Billboard April 11, 1964  Can’t Buy Me Love 2. Twist & Shout 4. She Loves You 7. I Want To Hold Your Hand 9.  Please Please Me 14. Do You Want to Know a Secret

38.  I Saw Her Standing There 48. You Can’t Do That 50.  All My Loving 52. From Me To You 61. Thank You Girl 74. There’s A Place 78. Roll Over Beethoven 81. Love Me Do

New Musical Express

April 11, 1965: in UK, The New Musical Express poll winners’ concert takes place featuring performances by The Beatles, The Animals, The Rolling Stones, Freddie and the Dreamers, the Kinks, the Searchers, Herman’s Hermits, The Anita Kerr Singers, The Moody Blues, Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders, Donovan, Them, Cilla Black, Dusty Springfield and Tom Jones.

Charles Manson

April 11, 2012 – California denied parole to Charles Manson, 77, for the 12^th time. Manson would next be eligible for parole in 15 years. (CNN article) (see November 19, 2017)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Vietnam

Combat troops committed

April 11, 1963: one hundred U.S. troops of the Hawaiian-based 25th Infantry Division ordered to temporary duty with military units in South Vietnam to serve as machine gunners aboard Army H-21 helicopters. This was the first commitment of American combat troops to the war and represented a quiet escalation of the U.S. commitment in Vietnam. (history dot com article) (see Apr 24)

Call-up of reserves

April 11, 1968: major call-up of reserves for duty in Vietnam. (see Apr 15)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Native Americans

April 11, 1968: Title II of the 1968 Civil Rights Act (which also included both the federal Fair Housing Act and the Anti-Riot Act) is often referred to as the Indian Civil Rights Act. The law established the First Amendment rights of Native-Americans vis-à-vis tribal governments, along with the protection against unreasonable searches and seizures and protection against self-incrimination. The law did not, however, include an establishment of religion clause, the right to a jury trial, and some other provisions of the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution.

United Indian Movement

In the summer of 1968, Dr. Lehman L. Brightman formed the United Native Americans (UNA), a pan-Indian organization, in the San Francisco Bay Area to promote self-determination through Indian control of Indian affairs at every level. (UNA article) (2017 obituary for Brightman) (see July 11)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Space Race

April 11 – 17, 1970: en route to the moon, oxygen tanks explode on Apollo 13’s command-service module. Through quick thinking from the crew and mission control, astronauts Jim Lovell, Jack Swigert and Fred Haise manage to survive in the Lunar Module until just before reentry to the earth’s atmosphere when they return to the command-service module and land safely. (NASA article) (see January 31 – February 9, 1971)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

US Labor History

Paul Gilly

April 11, 1972: Paul Gilly, in exchange for the promise of a life sentence, pleaded guilty in the 1969 slayings of Joseph Yablonski and his wife and daughter. A prosecutor said that evidence had been gathered that would lead to further arrests. (Labor, see Apr 13; Yablonski, see September 19, 1973)

W. A. “Tony” Boyle

April 11, 1974: United Mine Workers President W. A. “Tony” Boyle was found guilty of first-degree murder, for ordering the 1969 assassination of union reformer Joseph A. “Jock” Yablonski.

Yablonski, his wife and daughter were murdered on December 30, 1969. Boyle had defeated Yablonski in the UMW election earlier in the year—an election marred by intimidation and vote fraud. That election was set aside and a later vote was won by reformer Arnold Miller (Labor, see May 1; Yablonski, see January 28, 1977)

New York City Transit Authority

April 11, 1980: some 34,000 New York City Transit Authority workers, eleven days into a strike for higher wages, end their walkout with agreement on a 9-percent increase in the first year and 8 percent in the second, along with cost-of-living protections. (see June 12, 1981)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Technological Milestone

Apple Computer

April 11, 1976: the original Apple Computer, also known retroactively as the Apple I, or Apple-1, was released by the Apple Computer Company. They were designed and hand-built by Steve Wozniak. Wozniak’s friend Steve Jobs had the idea of selling the computer. The Apple I was Apple’s first product, and to finance its creation, Jobs sold his only means of transportation, a VW Microbus, and Wozniak sold his HP-65 calculator for $500. It was demonstrated in July 1976 at the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto, California. (see Dec 17)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

FREE SPEECH

April 11, 1978: Frank Collin and his band of Nazis apply to the Village of Skokie for a permit to conduct a demonstration in front of Skokie’s Village Hall on Sunday, June 25, 1978. (see May 22)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

UK Riots

April 11, 1981: rioters in South London throw petrol bombs, attack police and loot shops. (2011 Guardian article) (see July 3)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

TERRORISM

April 11, 2007: anthrax attacks: Bruce Edwards Ivins, became a focus of investigation. Ivins was a scientist who worked at the government’s biodefense labs at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland. (see January 22, 2008)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

The Cold War

April 11, 2015

• Cuba President, Raul Castro, in a morning speech to the Summit of the Americas, ran through an exhaustive history of perceived Cuban grievances against the U.S. dating back more than a century – a vivid display of how raw passions remain over American attempts to undermine Cuba’s government. Then, in an abrupt about face, he apologized for letting his emotions get the best of him. He said many U.S. presidents were at fault for that troubled history – but that Obama isn’t one of them. “I have told President Obama that I get very emotional talking about the revolution,” Castro said through a translator, noting that Obama wasn’t even born when the U.S. began sanctioning the island nation. “I apologize to him because President Obama had no responsibility for this.” In a remarkable vote of confidence from a Cuban leader, Castro added: “In my opinion, President Obama is an honest man.”
• In the afternoon, President Obama and President Raúl Castro of Cuba met in the first face-to-face discussion between the leaders of the two countries in a half century. “It was time for us to try something new,” Mr. Obama said. “We are now in a position to move on a path toward the future.” He added: “Over time, it is possible for us to turn the page and develop a new relationship between our two countries.” “The United States will not be imprisoned by the past — we’re looking to the future,” Mr. Obama said of his approach to Cuba. “I’m not interested in having battles that frankly started before I was born.” “The Cold War,” he added, “has been over for a long time.” (see Apr 14)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

Immigration History

April 11, 2018: US District Judge Manuel Real in Los Angeles issued a permanent, national injunction against the federal funding rules and prevented the Justice Department from requiring that local police departments help immigration agents in order to receive federal funding. The ruling was a significant victory for local governments that opposed the Trump administration’s stance on immigration and vowed to stay out of enforcement efforts. (see Apr 17)

April 11 Peace Love Art Activism

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

US Labor History

April 10, 1917: in Eddystone, PA, an explosion tore apart the Eddystone Ammunition Works loading room. The explosion killed 133 people, mostly women and girls. Of the dead, 55 were never identified

The explosion was initially blamed on German saboteurs, and later on Russians. It may in fact have been an accident caused by malfunctioning equipment. (Pennsylvaniamilitarycollege.org article) (see July 5)

Cesar Chavez & Dolores Huerta

April 10, 1930: Dolores Huerta born in Dawson, New Mexico. 

Chavez family moves

In 1938: Chávez family left Yuma to work in California as migrant farm workers. 

Leaves school

In 1942 Cesar Chávez was forced to leave school, after completing the eighth grade, in order to help support the family. (see August 1942)

Civilian Conservation Corps

April 10, 1933: the Roosevelt administration created the Civilian Conservation Corps, a tool for employing young men and improving the government’s vast holdings of western land. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was primarily designed to put thousands of unemployed young men to work on useful public projects. Roosevelt put the program under the direction of his Secretary of Interior, Harold Ickes. Since the vast majority of federal public land was in the West, Ickes created most of his CCC projects in that region. The young men who joined, however, came from all over the nation. It was the first time many had left their homes in the densely populated eastern states. (see May 6)

United Farm Workers

April 10, 1966:  March to Sacramento ends. Along the way, thousands of supporters joined César Chavez and Dolores Huerta. The march drew national attention to the suffering of farm workers. At the rally Huerta stated, “We are no longer interested in listening to the excuses the Governor has to give in defense of the growers, to his apologies to them for not paying us decent wages or why the growers cannot dignify the workers as individuals with the right to place the price on their own labor through collective bargaining. The Governor maintains that the growers are in a competitive situation. Well, the farm workers are also. We must also compete—with the standards of living to give our families their bread.”

During the march and after a four-month boycott, Schenley Vineyards negotiated an agreement with NFWA–the first genuine union contract between a grower and farm workers’ union in US history.

Chavez announced a boycott of DiGiorgio Corporation to put pressure on it to negotiate a similar agreement. (fresnobee.com article) (see June 1)

Frances Perkins Building

April 10, 1980: President Jimmy Carter and Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall presided over a ceremony renaming the Department of Labor Building the Frances Perkins Building. The date was the 100th anniversary of her birth. Perkins’s daughter,  Susanna Coggeshall, was also present.  A plaque on the building said that Perkins’ “legacy of social action enhances the lives of all of us.”

On the same day, the US Postal Service issued a new 15-cent stamp bearing the likeness of Perkins.  (see Apr 11)

Rutgers University Strike

April 10, 2023: three unions representing an estimated 9,000 full- and part-time faculty members at Rutgers University went on strike for the first time in the school’s 257-year history, bringing classes and research at New Jersey’s flagship public university to a halt.

The strike affected roughly 67,000 students across the state cames after nearly a year of unsuccessful bargaining between union representatives and university officials. The unions said that the two sides remained far apart on several issues, including a pay increase and the rights of untenured adjunct faculty members and graduate workers.

“We intend for this new contract to be transformative, especially for our lowest-paid and most vulnerable members,” Rebecca Givan, the president of one of the unions, Rutgers A.A.U.P.-A.F.T., which represents full-time faculty members, graduate workers, postdoctoral associates and counselors, said in a statement. [NPR article] (next LH, see Apr 15)

 

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Cultural Milestone

April 10, 1925:  publication of  “The Great Gatsby” by F. Scott Fitzgerald. (see February 18, 1929)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Cold War

Red Scare

Ronald Reagan & Jane Wyman

April 10, 1947:  actor and future president Ronald Reagan, along with his wife Jane Wyman, provided the FBI with a list of names of Screen Actors Guild members they believed were or had been Communists. Reagan developed a close and private relationship with the FBI in the 1940s, which continued while he was Governor of California in the 1960s and early 1970s. (see Apr 16)

Hollywood Ten

April 10, 1950: in a test case of two of the so-called “Hollywood Ten,” the Supreme Court upheld their convictions. In a joint statement the Hollywood Ten said, “By it’s refusal to review the cases of John Howard Lawson and Dalton Trumbo…the Supreme Court has welcomed govermental censorship, political blacklisting, and thought control by our system. By this decision it has announced that only those Americans will be safe from inquisition and intimidation who will crawl before men like J Parnell Thomas, John Rankin and Senator McCarthy. (Red Scare, see Apr 20; HT, see May 29)

Elia Kazan

April 10, 1952: theater and film director Elia Kazan named eight people who he had known to have been members of the Communist Party in testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). Kazan had refused to name names in his initial appearance before the committee in January 1952, but changed his mind and in order to avoid being blacklisted decided to name names. His naming names on this day provoked a bitter controversy that lasted for decades. (Red Scare, see “in June”; Kazan, see July 28, 1954)

VII Summit of the Americas

April 10, 2015: in the first full-fledged meeting between presidents of the United States and Cuba in more than a half-century, President Obama and President Raúl Castro of Cuba shook hands at the VII Summit of the Americas in Panama City, Panama and American officials said they would hold discussions the next day during a gathering of regional leaders (see Apr 11)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

see April 10 Music et al for more

Black History

April 10, 1956, African American singer and pianist Nat King Cole was performing before a white-only audience of 4000 at the Municipal Auditorium in Birmingham, Alabama, when he was attacked and knocked down by a group of white men. The attack happened so quickly that some audience members believed the attackers had rushed the stage to attack a drunk man near the front row who had been jeering at Mr. Cole, “Negro, go home.” Police present at the concert in case of trouble apprehended Cole’s attackers quickly. Four men were charged with inciting a riot while two others were held for questioning. Outside the arena, officers later found a car containing rifles, a blackjack, and brass knuckles. (see May 13)

Elvis’s GI Blues

April 10 – 16, 1961: Elvis’s GI Blues returned to Billboard #1 album for a third time. (see May 22)

Washington Sq Park

April 10, 1961: NYC Parks Commissioner announced that an informal referendum would be held to determine if folk singers should be allowed to sing in Washington Square on Sundays. (see New York City Bans Folk Music for expanded story)

Stu Sutcliffe

April 10, 1962: Stu Sutcliffe died. The Beatles original bassist, Sutcliffe was with the band when he and John Lennon decided to call themselves “The Beatals”, which would later be changed to “The Beatles”. Stu Sutcliffe is one of the people that are often referred to as “The Fifth Beatle”. Sutcliffe left the band to pursue his career as an artist, enrolling in the Hamburg College of Art, studying under future pop artist, Eduardo Paolozzi, who later wrote a report stating that Sutcliffe was one of his best students.

Stu had also met Astrid Kirchherr in Hamburg and was engaged to her. While in college in Germany, Sutcliffe began experiencing severe headaches and acute sensitivity to light. In the first days of April 1962, he collapsed in the middle of an art class after complaining of head pains. German doctors performed various checks, but were unable to determine the exact cause of his headaches. On 10 April 1962, he was taken to hospital, but died in the ambulance on the way. The cause of death was later revealed to have been an aneurysm. Sutcliffe was only 21 years old when he died. (see Apr 11)

The Beatles’ Second Album

April 10, 1964, Capital released The Beatles’ Second Album album.

Freddy and the Dreamers

Apr 10 – 23, 1965: “I’m Telling You Now” by Freddy and the Dreamers #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Mary Poppins

April 10 – July 9, 1965: the Mary Poppins soundtrack returns to the Billboard #1 album spot.

A Man for All Seasons

April 10, 1967: 1966 Oscars held. Bob Hope hosts. A Man for All Seasons best  picture.

In the Heat of the Night

April 10, 1968: 1967 Oscars held after two-day delay after ML King’s assassination. Bob Hope hosts. The winner in the Best Picture category was In the Heat of the Night (with seven nominations and five wins – Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Screenplay, Best Film Editing, and Best Sound).

Beatles break-up

April 10, 1970: The Daily Mirror, Paul McCartney made the Beatles’ secret breakup public by issuing a press release to announce that he has left the group, done in the form of a fake interview: “Q: Is your break with the Beatles temporary or permanent, due to personal differences or musical ones? PAUL: Personal differences, business differences, musical differences, but most of all because I have a better time with my family. Temporary or permanent? I don’t really know.”

John Lennon was furious, especially since the breakup, already agreed upon by the group, was announced just one week prior to the British release of McCartney’s first solo album. When a reporter tracks down Lennon for his thoughts, he replies, “Paul hasn’t left. I sacked him.” (see Beatles break up for expanded story)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Nuclear/Chemical News

USS Thresher

April 10, 1963:  the USS Thresher, an atomic submarine, sank in the Atlantic Ocean, killing the entire crew. One hundred and twenty-nine sailors and civilians were lost when the sub unexpectedly plunged to the sea floor 300 miles off the coast of New England. (see June 10)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Vietnam

DRAFT CARD BURNING I

April 10, 1967: Vietnam Week started. Draft card burnings and anti-draft demonstrations. 

DRAFT CARD BURNING II

April 10, 1967: The US Court of Appeals for the First Circuit held unconstitutional the amendment to the Selective Service Act that forbade the burning of draft cards. (Draft Card Burning, see Apr 15; Vietnam, see Apr 14)

My Lai Massacre

April 10, 1972: a tribunal report supported the Army’s account of the events of the day. Witnesses to the event disputed the report’s conclusions and regarded it as a whitewash. (see My Lai for expanded chronology; next Vietnam, Apr 16)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

Mississippi Anti-Picketing statute

April 10, 1964: the pickets resumed marching along the now unmarked route; they were arrested for violating the Anti-Picketing statute. (ussnautilus.org article) (see Apr 13)

George Whitmore, Jr.

April 10, 1973: NY Supreme Court Justice Irwin Brownstein released Whitmore from jail at the request of Brooklyn DA Eugene Gold based on “fresh new evidence” indicating that Borrero’s identification of him was suspect.” Gold told Brownstein, “If in fact he is guilty of these charges, surely his debt to society has been paid by his incarceration. If he is innocent, I pray that my action today will in some measure repay society’s debt to him.” He termed Whitman’s treatment by the law “a disgrace.”  Justice Brownstein stated, “It is indeed disgraceful that this defendant has been subjected to nine years of prosecution and appeals.”  Whitmore’s most recent incarceration totaled 406 days, bringing his total time behind bars to 1,216 days. (next BH, see Apr 28;  see Whitmore for expanded story)

SOUTH AFRICA/APARTHEID

Nelson Mandela

April 10. 1993: Thembisile Chris Hani, a popular black leader of the South African Communist Party, was shot and killed by a white man. At least seven people were killed in clashes over the following days. Mandela appeared on national television and called for calm, urging a stronger commitment to negotiations, a contrast to the A.N.C.’s confrontational reaction to the massacre in Boipatong the year before. (see Oct 15)

STAND YOUR GROUND LAW

Trayvon Martin Shooting

April 10, 2012: Craig Sonner and colleague Hal Uhrig, George Zimmerman’s attorneys, said they were dropping him as a client, complaining that they have lost all contact with him and that he called the prosecutor and talked to a TV host after they told him not to speak to anyone. (see Apr 11)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Irish Troubles

Bobby Sands

April 10, 1981: imprisoned IRA hunger striker Bobby Sands won election to the British Parliament.

Baltic Exchange explosion

April 10, 1992:  a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded in the Baltic Exchange in the City of London; 3 are killed, 91 injured.

Belfast Agreement

April 10, 1998: the Belfast Agreement [Good Friday Agreement]  signed between the Irish and British governments and most Northern Ireland political parties. (see Troubles for expanded story)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

AIDS & Ryan White

April 10, 1986: U.S. Circuit Court Judge Jack R. O’Neill dissolves restraining order. White returned to school. When White was finally readmitted, a group of families withdrew their children and started an alternative school. Threats of violence and lawsuits persisted. According to White’s mother, people on the street would often yell, “we know you’re queer” at Ryan. (see White for expanded story)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Concorde

April 10, 2003: Air France and British Airways simultaneously announced that they would retire Concorde later in 2003. They cited low passenger numbers following the 25 July 2000 crash, the slump in air travel following 11 September 2001, and rising maintenance costs. (theatlantic.com article)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

ADA

EEOC v. Ford Motor Co

April 10, 2015: the Sixth Circuit court issued a decision on telecommuting accommodations for disabled employees.  In EEOC v. Ford Motor Co., a divided en banc Sixth Circuit affirmed summary judgment for Ford on claims brought under the Americans with Disabilities Act by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.  At issue in the case was a telecommuting request from a Ford employee with underlying health problems.  The EEOC alleged that Ford: 1) failed to reasonably accommodate the employee, Ms. Harris, by denying her telecommuting request and 2) retaliated against her for raising the issue with the EEOC.

Emphasizing the importance of consistent in-person attendance for interactive jobs, the majority held that no genuine issue of material fact remained, and EEOC’s claims failed as a matter of law. The lynchpin of the court’s ruling was that regular and predictable on-site job attendance was an essential function of Ms. Harris’s job as a resale buyer.  Concluding that Ms. Harris’s job was fundamentally interactive, the majority invoked the “general rule” that regularly attending work on-site is essential to most jobs, especially interactive ones. (see Apr 13)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Feminism

April 10, 2017: Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai was named the youngest ever UN Messenger of Peace, with a special focus on girls’ education. (United Nations article) (next Feminism, see Oct 11)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism

Environmental Issues

April 10, 2024: the Biden-Harris Administration issued the first-ever national, legally enforceable drinking water standard to protect communities from exposure to harmful per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as ‘forever chemicals.’ Exposure to PFAS had been linked to deadly cancers, impacts to the liver and heart, and immune and developmental damage to infants and children. [EPA announcement] (next EI, see Apr 12)

April 10 Peace Love Art Activism,