July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
Environmental Issues
July 1, 1905: the USDA Forest Service was created within the Department of Agriculture. The agency was given the mission to sustain healthy, diverse, and productive forests and grasslands for present and future generations. [site today] (see May 13, 1908)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
BLACK HISTORY
East St Louis, MO
July 1, 1917: a rumor spread claiming that a black man had killed a white man and tensions boiled over. [Smithsonian article] (see July 2)
CORE
July 1, 1942: James Farmer, Bernice Fisher, Joe Guinn, George Houser, Homer Jack and James Robinson established the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Its objective was to use nonviolent tactics to challenge racial injustice. [site today] (see Oct 13)
Sheriff Padlocks Church
July 1, 1965: in Camden, Alabama, white Sheriff P.C. Jenkins forced people to leave and then padlocked the doors of the Antioch Baptist Church—a Black church where leaders were discussing civil rights—even though he did not have the authority to do so.
Community members from the Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) group had been meeting at the church for several months, working to promote Black voter registration in Alabama and the rest of the South.
Two days before Sheriff P.C. Jenkins evicted people in the church, a group of white men had broken into the church and severely beaten two Black teenagers, inflicting injuries so severe that they were both hospitalized. Rather than providing protection from this violence, on July 1, Sheriff Jenkins announced that the church had been the cause of “too much disturbance,” and gave people only a few hours to clear out their belongings before putting a padlock on the door. [EJI article] (next BH, see July 2)
William Zanzinger
July 1, 1991: William Zanzinger’s attorney filed the necessary papers for him, and consequently he didn’t have to appear until his trial. (see November)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
INDEPENDENCE DAYS
July 1, 1960: Somalia independent from Italy and United Kingdom. [mtholyoke article]
July 1, 1962
1) Burundi independent from Belgium [sahistory article], and
2) Rwanda independent from Belgium. [UN article] (see ID for complete listing of 1960s Independence Days)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
Cultural Milestone
July 1, 1963: designed to help speed mail deliveries, the US Post Office put into effect its program to give every mailing address a number. The new system was called “zip code” (Zoning Improvement Plan).
The department mailed 72 million cards to every mailbox in the country. The card informed the addressee of their five-digit “zip code” number and provided a brief explanation of the system. (see Oct 12 – 16)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
DRAFT CARD BURNING
July 1, 1966: David O’Brien, 19 years old, convicted of burning his draft card, was sentenced to a Federal Youth Correctional Center for an indefinite term. [Case Briefs article] (Draft Card Burning, see October 13, 1966; Vietnam, see October)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
see July 1 Music et al for more
Fear of Rock
July 1, 1956,: Elvis was scheduled to appear on the Steve Allen Show, but Allen was nervous about Elvis’s controversial style. “We want to do a show the whole family can watch and enjoy and we always do.”
So Allen had Elvis dress in a tuxedo sing his hit song “Hound Dog” to an acutal basset hound. (see Sept 9)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMN-1nSQv3U
Windy
July 1 – 28, 1967: “Windy” by the Association #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Sgt Pepper’s
July 1 – October 13, 1967: Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Heart Club Band Billboard #1 album. (see July 24)
Future Woodstock Performers
July 1, 1968:The Band released its first album, Music From Big Pink. Rick Danko, age 26; Robbie Robertson, age 25; Levon Helm, age 28; Richard Manuel, age 25; Garth Hudson, age 31) (see July 5)
Abbey Road
July 1, 1969, The Beatles began recording the Abbey Road album. (see August 20)
“Imagine”
July 1, 1971: John Lennon recorded “Imagine.” (see “in August“)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
Nuclear/Chemical News
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
July 1, 1968: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty was signed. It was a landmark international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. [UN article] (see March 5, 1970)
Expansion of treaty
July 1, 1972: nuclear nonproliferation treaty signed by 61 nations. [DoS article] (see May 18, 1974)
Iran
July 1, 2019: state media reported that Iran had exceeded a key limitation on how much nuclear fuel it can possess under the 2015 international pact curbing its nuclear program, effectively declaring that it would no longer respect an agreement that President Trump abandoned more than a year ago.
The breach of the limitation, which restricted Iran’s stockpile of low-enriched uranium to about 660 pounds, did not by itself give the country enough to produce a nuclear weapon. But it is the strongest signal yet that Iran is moving to abandon the limits and restore the far larger stockpile that took the United States and five other nations years to persuade Tehran to send abroad.
The semiofficial Fars news agency first reported the news citing an “informed source.” Mohammad Javad Zarif, the Iranian foreign minister of Iran, was later quoted confirming the news, according to another semiofficial outlet, the Iranian Students’ New Agency, or ISNA. (NYT story) (next N/C N, & Iran, see July 3)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
CLINTON IMPEACHMENT
July 1, 1998: Linda Tripp makes her second appearance before the grand jury, during which the Lewinsky tapes may have been played. (see Clinton for expanded story)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
Sexual Abuse of Children
Paul Shanley
July 1, 2004: prosecutors dropped the key accuser of defrocked priest Paul Shanley, (see July 7)
Boy Scouts Settlement
July 1, 2021: the Boy Scouts of America reached an $850 million settlement with more than 60,000 men who sued the iconic institution over alleged sexual abuse by adults in scouting over several decades.
The agreement was the first legal settlement in a long list of lawsuits against the Boy Scouts, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February 2020. [NPR story] (next SAC, see; next BSA, see Dec 13)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
TERRORISM
July 1, 2007: victim David Ritcheson (see April 22, 2006) committed suicide . (Article) (see January 22, 2008)
Cannabis
July 1, 2015: Oregon ended marijuana prohibition, joining Colorado, Washington state, Alaska, and the District of Columbia in legalizing recreational use of the drug. The new law meant Oregon would likely reap benefits that appear to have followed legalization elsewhere: Reduced crime, from a legal industry supplanting a black market; higher tax revenue, once weed is legal to sell; and police forces and courts unburdened by droves of misdemeanor pot offenders. [Guardian article] (next Cannabis, see Aug 11 or see CCC for expanded chronology)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
The Cold War
July 1, 2015: President Obama announced his plans to formally re-establish diplomatic relations with Cuba, declaring that the two nations were ready to reopen embassies in each other’s capitals and to start a “new chapter” of engagement after more than a half-century of estrangement.
“Our nations are separated by only 90 miles, and there are deep bonds of family and friendship between our people, but there have been very real, profound differences between our governments, and sometimes we allow ourselves to be trapped by a certain way of doing things,” Mr. Obama said. [NYT article] (CW & Cuba, see July 15)
LGBTQ
July 1, 2015: U.S. District Judge Callie V.S. Granade issued an order confirming that her injunction directing all Alabama probate judges to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples was in effect and required immediate compliance.
A violation of Judge Granade’s order would result in a county probate judge being held liable for contempt of court, attorneys’ fees, financial penalties and any other remedies the court deemed proper. Granade stated: “By the language set forth in the order, the preliminary injunction is now in effect and binding on all members of the Defendant Class.”
In the May 21 preliminary-injunction order, Granade directed all Alabama probate judges to stop enforcing the state’s marriage ban – effective immediately – after the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling affirming marriage equality. Since Supreme Court issued its decision on June 26, the injunction prohibiting enforcement of the ban went into effect that day. Although most of Alabama’s county probate judges were issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples, a minority were not.
On Tuesday, Amyx removed the “No Gays allowed” sign and replaced it with a sign that says: “We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone who would violate our rights of freedom of speech & freedom of religion.” [NCLR article] (see July 13)
July 1 Peace Love Art Activism
DEATH PENALTY
July 1, 2021: Attorney General Merrick B. Garland imposed a moratorium on federal executions pending a review of the Justice Department’s policies and procedures, reversing the Trump administration’s decision to resume executions of federal death row inmates last year after a nearly two-decade hiatus.
“The Department of Justice must ensure that everyone in the federal criminal justice system is not only afforded the rights guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of the United States, but is also treated fairly and humanely,” Mr. Garland said in a memo to Justice Department leaders. “That obligation has special force in capital cases.”
Mr. Garland said in his memo that the deputy attorney general, Lisa O. Monaco, would supervise a review of Justice Department policies related to federal executions that were implemented by former Attorney General William P. Barr. He asked that several of the department’s divisions, including the Bureau of Prisons, the criminal division and the civil rights division, participate, along with other federal agencies and outside advocacy groups. [NYT article] (next DP, see Oct 28)
