Category Archives: Peace Love Art and Activism

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman

August  22, 1939 – March 10, 2021

The Bauls of Bengal

Bringing It All Back Home

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman

Wives of the famous are often known but rarely memorialized. Sally Grossman was an exception. In 1965, Columbia Records released Bob Dylan’s fifth album, Bringing It All Back Home. 

The album is iconoclastic because until the album, Dylan’s recorded music had reflected his acoustic folk songs.  Bringing It All Back Home‘s featured one side of electric and fan blowback was both enthusiastic and damning.

His famous/infamous 1965 Newport Folk Festival appearance was a fork in the road for his fans. Many departed booing.

Daniel Kramer  took the photograph for the album’s cover. There is a collection of items on the album’s cover that fans have spent years deciphering.  Were they placed deliberately (of course), why were they placed, and who is that woman?

In 1965, there was no instant way of discovering who the lady in red (smoking literally and likely figuratively for many) was. It is Sally Grossman, the wife of Bob Dylan’s manager, Albert Grossman.

Whether an actual attendee or simply a fan of 1969’s Woodstock Music and Art Fair, the cover’s location is more important than one might realize.

The room Grossman and Dylan sit in is the living room of Sally and Albert Grossman’s Woodstock, NY country home. The Grossmans regularly invited Dylan to their upstate retreat for its beauty, serenity, and isolation.

So enamored with the area, Dylan moved there with his family.

Thus a connection formed between Dylan, arguably the single most important person in rock music at that time, and a little town in upstate New York.

Four years later when Michael Lang, the latest hippie arrival,  considered locating a recording studio there, but that idea morphed into a festival, there was no question in his mind what the name of that festival would be: the Woodstock Music and Art Fair. As many still continually discover, Bethel, NY,  was the actual site of that festival and not close by: an 90 minutes and 60 miles of backroads away.

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman

The Village/Albert

Sally Buehler was born in Manhattan, grew up in Queens. While attending Hunter College  she often, as so many did, hung out at the Village, a 20 minutes subway ride away.

From a theband.hiof.no article: “I used to see Albert Grossman around the Village back when I was still a student at Hunter College in the beginning of the 60s. Everybody knew everybody else on the street at that time. It was incredible. The folk music scene was starting to happen, the beat poets were all around.

“Soon I figured that what was happening on the street was a lot more interesting than studying seventeenth-century English literature, so I dropped out of Hunter and began working as a waitress. I worked at the Cafe Wha?, and then the Bitter End, all over.

“I had real upward mobility as a waitress… Back then Albert never even said hello to me. He was too purposeful, too busy.”

He did start to say hello and though Albert was 13 years older, they married in 1964.

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman

Woodstock

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman
Photo by Daniel Kramer, 1964 and Tweeted by Neil Gaiman

Also from the theband.hiof.no article article: “The years between ’64 and ’70 were a total blur. Our life was incredibly intense. Every night about thirty of us would meet at Albert’s office on 55th Street to go out. The office was constantly packed with people — Peter, Paul and Mary, of course, but also Ian and Sylvia, Richie Havens, Gordon Lightfoot, other musicians, artists, poets… Then there were tours to England and Europe, command performances for the Queen and then the move to Woodstock [in 1963].”

Woodstock, NY is a two hour car ride north of Manhattan and a different world.  Given the anti-mainstream zeitgeist of the 1960s, the area was idyllically located.

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman

Post Albert

There are many stories about how Albert Grossman began to treat his stars badly, often entitled to more of the earnings than they felt were his due. There is the assumption that Janis Joplin’s death in 1970  affected him, he lost interest in the job. Of course, working with artists is never an easy task.

After Albert’s death from s heart attack on a flight from the United States to Europe in 1986, Sally carried on his legacy by overseeing his legendary studio Bearsville which also had had the Bearsville Records label.

She also took on Albert’s dream project: turning a barn into a theater. As she told it, she had no choice…zoning laws in Woodstock were about to change, making it impossible to open a music venue in the future, so she was forced to take on the project earlier than she thought. The Bearsville Theater opened in 1989; Grossman sold it in 2004.

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman

Bauls

In the 60s, Sally Grossman had discovered an order of religious singers from Bengal known as the Bauls and became enamored with their music.

From her NY TImes obituary:  She created a digital archive of Baul music. Deborah Baker, author of “A Blue Hand: The Beats in India” (2008), wrote about Ms. Grossman and her connection to the Bauls in a 2011 essay in the magazine the Caravan.

“Despite all the famous musicians and bands who once passed through her life,” Ms. Baker wrote, “she found it was the Bauls she missed the most from those years.”

Author Neil Gaiman wrote about Grossman’s passing: “I’m sad to hear that Sally Grossman has passed away. She was funny, salty, sometimes grumpy (but I think she liked me) a smart businesswoman and a fount of stories. No more lunches at the Little Bear.

“The couch (her wedding present from Mary Travers) is empty now.”

Sally Ann Buehler Grossman

 

Bassist Larry Graham

Bassist Larry Graham

Born ‎August 14, 1946

“I’m gonna add some bottom… so that the dancers just can’t hide!”

Screen grab of Graham from a 2012 concert, Bataclan, Paris

None of us had ever done anything even close to Woodstock. Then, all of a sudden, we had the attention of the world. If you were part of that, it just turned everything around.”

So said bassist Larry Graham in a 2014 interview with George Varga in the San Diego Union-Tribune.

Beaumont, Texas

Larry Graham was born August 14, 1946 in Beaumont, Texas.  From an article in The Watchtower: I was born into a musical family…, my mother’s only son. She [Dell] was a pianist with the church choir, and my father was a jazz guitarist. Soon afterward my family moved to Oakland, California, where I started tap dancing at the age of five. Two years later, I learned the piano under the guidance of my grandmother, who cared for me in those early years.

From the Varga interview:  “My biggest influence was actually my mother’s left hand. Because, before I went to bass, I was playing guitar. And when she would solo, I would play bass lines on my guitar. And when I would solo, she’d play bass lines on piano with her left hand. That’s the way she played anyway, before I started playing with her.  So when I started playing with her, I was influenced by her left-hand bass lines.”

From Episode 175 of Andrew Hickey’s History of Music in 500 Songs podcast: “Dell Graham was a singer and pianist who apparently sounded exactly like Dinah Washington, and whose repertoire was similar to Washington’s — jazz standards and a little classy blues. 

Hickey continues: When the drummer left the band: “The solution he came up with was similar to the way that rockabilly double-bass players had played to compensate for the lack of drums — what was known as “slapback bass”, like we talked about in episodes on Bill Haley and Elvis. But while as we often say “there is no first anything”, as far as anyone is able to tell, Larry Graham was the first person to do it with an electric bass, a slightly different technique with a very different sound.

For slap bass, you have two techniques to get a more percussive sound — you “slap” the string with your thumb, giving a deep booming sound unlike the normal sound you get from plucking a string, or you “pop” it — pulling the string away from the body of the guitar and allowing it to snap back and hit the frets, creating a buzzing tone.

Bassist Larry Graham

Sly

Bassist Larry Graham
Graham is in the back in yellow

His breakout success was with Sly and the Family Stone (1966 – 1972).

Albums with Sly and the Family Stone

  • 1967: A Whole New Thing
  • 1968: Dance to the Music
  • 1968: Life
  • 1969: Stand!
  • 1971: There’s a Riot Goin’ On
  • 1973: Fresh
Bassist Larry Graham

Bass Technique

From that same interview: “By slapping the strings and expertly plucking and popping them with his fingers, he transformed the electric bass, making it as prominent as a guitar and dramatically increasing its rhythmic intensity. By dong so, he laid the foundation for several subsequent generations of bassists, including everyone from Stanley Clarke, Victor Wooten and San Diego’s Nathan East to Les Claypool of Primus, Level 42’s and Mr. Big’s Billy Sheehan.”

Bassist Larry Graham

Witness

In 1973, he met his future wife Tina. Tina’s mom was a Jehovah Witness and asked Tina to be present at her baptism in the Oakland Coliseum. Graham attended and says he’d never seen anything like the gathering before.

He and Tina began Bible study and visited various Jehovah Witness congregations while on tour. He and Tina were baptized at the district convention in Oakland in July 1975.

Graham would later introduce the religion to Prince. He became a Jehovah’s Witness later in life, and according to Graham, that helped shape Prince’s music as well as his lifestyle.

Graham said that Prince would knock on doors, talk with visitors at his studio-compound Paisley Park in suburban Minneapolis and even share his faith with small groups after a show,

“That brought him joy. That brought him real happiness,” Graham said in an interview with The Associated Press.

Graham Central Station

After Sly [from the QG Enterprise page]: [Graham]…went on to produce a Funk band called “Hot Chocolate”, which he eventually joined and renamed “Graham Central Station”. The original lineup included guitarist David “Dynamite” Vega, organist Robert “Butch” Sam, keyboardist Hershall “Happiness” Kennedy, vocalist/percussionist Patryce “Choc’let” Banks, and drummer Willie “Wild” Sparks. The group used the funk foundation that Graham had established with “Sly and the Family Stone” and sweetened it with various layers of soul, blues and other styles – a magical combination that scored the band a Grammy nomination in 1974 for Best New Artist. Graham Central Station released a string of seven albums throughout the 70’s. Their debut album, a self-titled effort released in 1974, proved highly successful, launching a minor pop hit with “Can You Handle It“. 

He reformed Graham Central Station in the early 1990s and performed with the band for several years. Graham and Graham Central Station performed internationally with a world tour in 2010 and the “Funk Around The World” international tour in 2011.

Graham Central Station albums

  • Graham Central Station (Warner Bros., 1974)
  • Release Yourself (Warner Bros., 1974)
  • Ain’t No ‘Bout-A-Doubt It (Warner Bros., 1975)
  • Mirror (Warner Bros., 1976)
  • Now Do U Wanta Dance (Warner Bros., 1977)
  • My Radio Sure Sounds Good to Me (Warner Bros., 1978)
  • Star Walk (Warner Bros., 1979)
  • Live in Japan (1992)
  • Live in London (1996)
  • Back by Popular Demand (1998)
  • The Best of Larry Graham and Graham Central Station, Vol. 1 (Warner Bros., 1996)
  • Raise Up (2012)
Bassist Larry Graham

Prince

In 1998, he recorded a solo album under the name Graham Central Station, GCS 2000. It was a collaboration between Larry Graham and Prince.

While Graham wrote all the songs, except one co-written by Prince, the album was co-arranged and co-produced by Prince, and most of the instruments and vocals were recorded by both Graham and Prince. Graham also played bass on tours with Prince from 1997 to 2000. He appeared in Prince’s 1998 VHS Beautiful Strange and 1999 DVD Rave Un2 the Year 2000.

When Prince died in 2016, Minnetonka, Minnesota’s Jehovah’s Witnesses Kingdom Hall held a memorial service for him – “Brother Nelson” as his fellow congregants knew him – Sunday at the church where he worshiped.

At the service, Graham spoke about Prince and their shared faith. [RS article]

Bassist Larry Graham

Credits

All Music has a very long list of his credits. Among the names (in addition to Prince, Sly, and Graham Central are:  Betty Davis (the second ex-wife of jazz legend Miles Davis), George Tyson, the Oak Ridge Boys. Aretha Franklin, Stanley Clarke, George Benson, Stanley Jordan, Little Anthony and the Imperials, Mahalia Jackson, Frankie Lanine, Eddie Murphy, Santana, Chaka Khan, Luther Allison, Government Mule, Billy Preston, Shania Twain,  Kanye West, as well as many many others.

Bassist Larry Graham

Solo

Graham recorded five solo albums and had several solo hits on the R&B charts. His biggest hit was “One in a Million You”, a crossover hit, which reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1980.

Solo albums [all Warner Bros. releases]

  • 1980: One in a Million You
  • 1981: Just Be My Lady
  • 1982: Sooner or Later
  • 1983: Victory
  • 1985: Fired Up
Bassist Larry Graham

Hall of Fame

A 1993 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee as a member of Sly & The Family Stone

Bassist Larry Graham

Check out this live concert. Amazing energy!

Bassist Larry Graham

Drake

Most Woodstock fans might not recognize the name Drake, but he is, as described by Wikipedia, “…a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, and actor [as well as an]… influential figure in contemporary popular music, Drake has been credited with popularizing singing and R&B sensibilities in hip hop artists.

Drake has been nominated for many and won several awards, mainly related to hip-hop.

And Larry Graham is Drake’s uncle.

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues

Mamie Robinson Smith was born in Cincinnati on May 26, 1891.

By the time she was only 10 years old, she toured with the Four Dancing Mitchells, a white act.

As a teenager, she danced in J. Homer Tutt and Salem Tutt Whitney‘s Smart Set. In 1913, she left the Tutt Brothers to sing in clubs in Harlem and married William “Smitty” Smith, a singing waiter. William Smith died in 1928.

In 1918, Smith starred in Perry Bradford’s musical review, Made In Harlem, in which she sang the song “Harlem Blues.”

In 1920, Perry Bradford encouraged Fred Hager, Okeh Records A & R director, to record Smith. Despite racist and boycott threats, Okeh, a white recording company, took a risk and did.

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues

That Thing Called Love

In February she recorded two of Bradford’s songs: “That Thing Called Love” and “You Can’t Keep a Good Man Down.” A white band accompanied her.

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues

Crazy Love

On August 10, 1920 she and Bradford recorded another of his songs: “Crazy Love,”  a somewhat reworked Harlem Blues.

According to David Hajdu in a New York Times article,  the song “changed the course of music history.  [The song was] a boisterous cry of outrage by a woman driven mad by mistreatment [and] …spoke with urgency and fire to Black listeners across the country who had been ravaged by the abuses of race-hate groups, the police and military forces in the preceding year — the notorious “Red Summer” of 1919.”

The song was a hit, selling 75,000 copies in the first month, eventually selling more than two million.

Again according to Hajdu, “It established the blues as a popular art and prepared the way for a century of Black expression in the fiery core of American music.”

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues

Crazy Blues Code

Subjugated groups  create hidden ways of expressing themselves. “Crazy Love” did that.  The song may simply seem to be a sad one about a woman who has lost her love, but it turns out to be a song in which the woman is driven to literally kill that love, that abusive love.

Now the doctor’s gonna do all that he can,

But what you’re gonna need is an undertaker man.

I ain’t had nothin’ but bad news,

Now I’ve got the crazy blues.

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues

Race Records

Not unlike The Kingston Trio’s success leading to Columbia Records signing Bob Dylan, the success of “Crazy Blues,”  led Okeh and other recording companies [Emerson Records, Vocalion Records, Victor Talking Machine Company, Paramount Records, and several other companies] to record other Black female singers such as Ma Rainey, Ethel Waters and Bessie Smith as well as Black male musicians.

They and many more women made hundreds of records that sold millions of copies over more than a decade — all before the great  Robert Johnson recorded for the first time,  on November 23, 1936.

While the records did sometimes cross racial lines, a genre called Race Records came into being. Race records led to radio stations whose popularity was with the local Black population.

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues

Smith Successes/Issues

Mamie Smith’s financial success from her recording royalties and performance fees allowed her to purchase a large home in Harlem.  According to Barry Kernfeld in his brief bio,  “Dan Burley of the Amsterdam News reported “There were servants, cars, and all the luxuries that would go with being the highest paid Negro star of that day.”

Smith and Bradford parted ways because of financial disputes and Bradford sold her contract to Maurice Fulchner, a white manager.

In 1922 she recorded “I Ain’t Gonna Give Nobody None O’ This Jelly Roll.”

Smith continued to tour and performed through the 1920s and into the 1930s.

She toured Europe and also worked in films: Jailhouse Blues (1929), Fireworks of 1930, Paradise in Harlem (1940), Mystery in Swing (1940), Murder on Lenox Avenue (1941), and Sunday Sinners (1941).

Jailhouse Blues

Sunday Sinners

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFeBTDqcEtI

Her last concert was at New York’s Lido Ballroom in August 1944. She died on September 16, 1946 . She is buried in Frederick Douglass Memorial Park, Staten Island, NY.

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues

Main source: Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography, edited by Henry Louis Gates (Jr.)

All Music’s credit list for Perry Bradford

All Music’s credit list for Mamie Smith.

Mamie Smith Crazy Blues