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Music et al, Peace Love Art and Activism, Today in history

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

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January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

US Labor History

Amalgamated Meat Cutters

January 26, 1897: the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America was chartered by the American Federation of Labor to organize “every wage earner from the man who takes the bullock at the house until it goes into the hands of the consumer.”  (see Sept 10)

Student Rights

January 26, 2014: members of the Northwestern University football team announced they were seeking union recognition. A majority signed cards, later delivered to the National Labor Relations Board office in Chicago, asking for representation by the College Athletes Players Association.  (Labor, see Feb 14; Student Rights, see March 26)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

see Dyer Anti-Lynching bill for more

January 26, 1922: after a prolonged fight, the House passed the Dyer Anti-Lynching bill by a vote of 230 to 119. (NYT article) (see DAL for expanded chronology)

see Montgomery Bus Boycott for more

January 26, 1956: ML King left Dexter in his car with his friend Robert Williams and church secretary Lilie Thomas. After picking up three others at an MIA car pool station, King was stopped by two motorcycle policemen for traveling 30 mph in a 25 mph zone. He was arrested, fingerprinted, photographed, and jailed. Ralph Abernathy arrived to bail him out; as a crowd gathered at the jail, prison officials escorted King out of the jail and drove him back to town. According to King, on this day and the previous two more than one hundred traffic citations were issued to car pool drivers. Later that evening, a group of King’s friends decided to organize protection for him. Seven Montgomery Improvement Association mass meetings were held to accommodate black residents interested in hearing the story of King’s arrest. (next BH see Feb 2)

see George Whitmore, Jr for expanded story

January 26, 1965: Richard “Ricky” Robles, a white 22-year-old narcotics addict, charged with the Wylie-Hoffert crime. While not dismissing the indictment against George Whitmore, Jr., New York County DA Frank S. Hogan presented a 1,400-word recommendation that Whitmore be released on his own recognizance. The document seemed to absolve Whitmore of the crime, as did a statement Hogan released to the press. Says the latter, “In spite of every safeguard, occasional honest mistakes are made. To eliminate even this minute fraction of error is the ceaseless effort of those entrusted with the administration of justice.” Hogan’s recommendation that Whitmore be released was accepted, although it was a meaningless gesture, given that Whitmore was being held pending sentencing for the Borrero crime and pending trial for the Edmonds murder. (Robles, see February 15, 1965; next BH, see Feb 1)

Baconsfield Park

January 26, 1970: in 1911, United States Senator Augustus O. Bacon executed his will, devising to the City of Macon, Georgia, “a park and pleasure ground” for whites only. He explained that “in limiting the use and enjoyment of this property perpetually to white people, I am not influenced by any unkindness of feeling . . . I am, however, without hesitation in the opinion that in their social relations the two races . . . should be forever separate.”

Baconsfield Park opened in 1920 as a large and lush recreation space. As trustee of the park, the City of Macon honored Senator Bacon’s wishes and for decades operated it as a “whites only” facility. That changed in 1963 when the city determined that, as a public entity, it could no longer constitutionally enforce segregation. Disgruntled, Baconsfield’s Board of Managers sued to remove the City of Macon as trustee and preserve the park as one for white residents only.

In May 1963, black citizens intervened, filing a lawsuit challenging Baconsfield’s racial restriction as a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. However, in February 1964, the City of Macon resigned as trustee; several months later the court appointed three private individuals as new trustees, and the racial segregation policy continued.

Black residents appealed to the United States Supreme Court. On January 17, 1966, the Court held in Evans v. Newton that Baconsfield could no longer be operated on a racially discriminatory basis: “the public character of this park requires that it be treated as a public institution subject to the command of the Fourteenth Amendment, regardless of who now has title under state law.”

Rather than integrate, however, the Georgia Supreme Court responded by terminating the Baconsfield trust and closing the park to the public altogether.

Black residents of Macon again appealed to the United States Supreme Court, contending the state court’s action violated the Fourteenth Amendment, but on January 26, 1970, in Evans v Abney, the Court upheld the Georgia Supreme Court’s order, writing: “When a city park is destroyed because the Constitution requires it to be integrated, there is reason for everyone to be disheartened.”

Baconsfield Park remained closed and is now a strip mall; Georgia’s Bacon County is named for Senator Bacon. (the above is from Equal Justice Initiative) (see Feb 21)

Medgar Evers

January 26, 1994: a jury of eight blacks and four whites was chosen  in the third trial of Byron De La Beckwith. (BH & Evers, see February 1)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Religion and Public Education

January 26, 1946: McCollum v. Board of Education—a  three-judge Circuit Court refused to ban non-sectarian classes in religious education from the public schools of Champaign. (see Jan 22, 1947)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

see January 26 Music et al for more

Wes Montgomery

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

January 26 – 27, 1960: Wes Montgomery recorded “The Incredible Jazz Guitar of Wes Montgomery” at Reeves Sound Studios, New York City.

[Airegin] Critic Chris May of All About Jazz wrote “The Incredible Jazz Guitar burst onto the US scene in 1960 like a benign hurricane, and it still sounds like a gale almost 50 years later....”

Fear of Rock

January 26, 1962:  Catholic Church Bishop Joseph A. Burke in Buffalo, NY banned the The Twist, from being heard or danced to at any area Catholic school or event. The announcement on this day was one of many in the early years of rock and roll in which authority figures were convinced that the music would undermine public morals. (see May 17, 1965)

Walk Right In

January 26 – February 8, 1963: “Walk Right In” by The Rooftop Singers #1 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was a country blues song written by Gus Cannon and originally recorded by Cannon’s Jug Stompers in 1929.

Trivia: the song has been covered by others, among whom was a French singer: Claude François. It was not a big hit for him. Another song of his (Comme d’habitude) became a hit in 1967. Paul Anka heard the song while in Paris and got the rights to the song, re-wrote the lyrics, and the song became, My Way and made famous by Frank Sinatra in 1969.

Rage Against the Machine

January 26, 2000: Rage Against the Machine played in front of Wall Street, prompting an early closing of trading due to the crowds.

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Space Race

January 26, 1962: the United States launched Ranger 3 to land scientific instruments on the moon — but the probe ended up missing its target by more than 22,000 miles. (see Feb 2)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Fourth Amendment

January 26, 1971: in United States v. Sinclair  US District Judge Damon Keith ruled that Nixon’s Attorney General John N. Mitchell had to disclose the transcripts of illegal wiretaps that Mitchell had authorized without first obtaining a search warrant. The Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit upheld Keith’s decision.  (see June 19, 1972)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Vietnam

Peace proposal rejected

January 26, 1972: Radio Hanoi announced North Vietnam’s rejection of the latest U.S. peace proposal. Revealing more details of the secret Paris peace talks, Henry Kissinger responded publicly, condemning the North Vietnamese announcement and criticizing Hanoi’s nine-point counter-proposal, which had been submitted during the secret talks.

Kissinger took exception with the communist insistence on the end of all U.S. support for the South Vietnamese government. The communists maintained that “withdrawal” meant not only withdrawal of U.S. troops, but also the removal of all U.S. equipment, aid, and arms in the possession of the South Vietnamese army. Kissinger asserted that the abrupt removal of all U.S. aid would guarantee the collapse of the Saigon regime. (see Feb 12)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

The Cold War

January 26, 1980: at the request of President Jimmy Carter, the U.S. Olympic Committee voted to ask the International Olympic Committee to cancel or move the upcoming Moscow Olympics. The action was in response to the Soviet military invasion of Afghanistan the previous month. (see Mar 31)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Nuclear news

January 26, 1992: Boris Yeltsin announced that Russia would stop targeting cities of the US and her allies with nuclear weapons. In return George H. W. Bush announced that the US and her allies would stop targeting Russia and the remaining communist states. (see January 3, 1993)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

CLINTON IMPEACHMENT

Clinton denial

January 26, 1998: President Clinton forcefully repeated his denial, saying, “I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.” Lewinsky lawyer Ginsburg offered Starr a summary of what Lewinsky is prepared to say to the grand jury in exchange for a grant of immunity from the prosecution.

A year later…

January 26, 1999: Senators hear arguments about seeking depositions from three witnesses — Monica Lewinsky, Vernon Jordan and Sidney Blumenthal — and then deliberate in secret. (see Clinton for expanded story)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Feminism

January 26, 2005: Condoleezza Rice became the second woman and the first African American woman to be sworn in as Secretary of State.  (see July 12)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Westboro Baptist Church

January 26, 2008: Westboro Baptist Church members traveled to Jacksonville, North Carolina, home of Camp Lejeune, to protest the United States Marine Corps in the wake of the murder of Maria Lauterbach. Five women protested, stomping on the American flag and shouting slogans such as “1,2,3,4, God Hates the Marine Corps”. (see May 14)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

LGBTQ

January 26, 2012: The Maine Freedom to Marry Coalition delivered more than 105,000 signatures to the Secretary of State to place a citizen’s initiative on the November 2012 ballot. The measure would allow same-sex couples to receive a marriage license while also protecting religious freedom. Maine was the first state to proactively seek to win the freedom to marry at the ballot. (see Feb 2)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Immigration History

President Nieto cancels

January 26, 2017: Mexico’s president, Enrique Peña Nieto, cancelled his scheduled meeting with President Donald J. Trump in Washington the following week, rejecting the visit after Trump ordered a border wall between the two nations. (IH, see Jan 27;TW, see Feb 6)

January 26, 2021: on January 20, Acting Homeland Security Secretary David Pekoske had issued a memo to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Customs and Border Protection, and Citizen and Immigration Services. It declared a review of policies and practices throughout the department and its components — including a 100-day pause on the removal of certain noncitizens.Texas

Moratorium granted

On January 22, arguing that the moratorium would be harmful, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton requested a temporary restraining order against the Department of Homeland Security’s 100-day deportation ban.

Judge Drew Tipton agreed with Paxton and granted the request on January 26.  Tipton said that there was a chance the state would “suffer imminent and irreparable harm” if a temporary restraining order wasn’t granted. He also said the order won’t harm the defendants or the public. Tipton said the nationwide injunction is effective for 14 days, according to court documents. (next IH, see Feb 2)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Sexual Abuse of Children

January 26, 2018: bowing to the demands of the United States Olympic Committee, U.S.A. Gymnastics confirmed  that all the remaining members of its board of directors would resign — the latest fallout from a widespread sexual abuse scandal involving the federation’s longtime national team doctor, Lawrence G. Nassar.

The announcement came one day after the head of the Olympic committee threatened in an email to decertify U.S.A. Gymnastics — the sport’s national governing body — if its entire board of more than 20 people did not resign January 31. Several board members, including the chairman, Paul Parilla, had already resigned by the time the email was sent. [Fox5 News article] (SAC & Nassar, see Feb 5)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Crime and Punishment

January 26, 2021: President Joe Biden ordered the Department of Justice to end its reliance on private prisons and not to renew contracts with them. “Mass incarceration imposes significant costs on our society and communities, while private prisons profiteer off of federal prisoners in less safe conditions for prisoners and correctional officers alike,” the White House said. “President Biden is committed to reducing mass incarceration while making our communities safer. That starts with ending DOJ’s reliance on private prisons.” (next C & R, see Feb 22)

January 26 Peace Love Art Activism

Fair Housing

January 26, 2021:  President Joe Biden signed an executive order to help reverse the Trump administration’s housing policy, which involved repealing both the Obama and Clinton administrations’ efforts to enforce the Fair Housing Act.

The new order directed his incoming secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Marcia Fudge, to examine the effects of President Donald Trump’s signature housing policy, “Preserving Community and Neighborhood Choice.”

“The Federal Government must recognize and acknowledge its role in systematically declining to invest in communities of color and preventing residents of those communities from accessing the same services and resources as their white counterparts,” Biden’s executive order reads. “The effects of these policy decisions continue to be felt today, as racial inequality still permeates land-use patterns in most U.S. cities and virtually all aspects of housing markets.” [Commercial Observer article] (next FH, see Feb 11)

Native Americans

January 26, 2024: the American Museum of Natural History announced the closing of two major halls exhibiting Native American objects in response to new federal regulations that require museums to obtain consent from tribes before displaying or performing research on cultural items.

“The halls we are closing are artifacts of an era when museums such as ours did not respect the values, perspectives and indeed shared humanity of Indigenous peoples,” Sean Decatur, the museum’s president, wrote in a letter to the museum’s staff. “Actions that may feel sudden to some may seem long overdue to others.”  [NYT article] (next NA, see )

DEATH PENALTY

January 26, 2024: a day after Alabama became the first state to execute a prisoner with nitrogen gas, officials vowed to continue using the method in executions despite witnesses’ accounts that Kenneth Smith writhed on the gurney for at least two minutes.

Two very different accounts of the execution emerged from the state’s death chamber.

The state’s attorney general, Steve Marshall, called it a “textbook” execution that had made nitrogen hypoxia, as the process is known, a “proven” method that other states could emulate.

Meanwhile, Smith’s spiritual adviser and reporters who also witnessed the execution described an intense reaction in which Smith violently shook and writhed as the gas was administered, began breathing heavily and, finally, stopped moving.

The descriptions were at odds with what the state had promised in court papers: that the untested method of using nitrogen gas through a face mask would “rapidly lower the oxygen level in the mask, ensuring unconsciousness in seconds.”  [NYT article] (next DP, see )

Lynching, Music et al, Peace Love Art and Activism, Today in history

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

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January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

US Labor History

UMW

January 25, 1890:  in Columbus, Ohio,  the Knights of Labor Trade Assembly No. 135 and the National Progressive Miners Union merged to form the United Mine Workers of America. (see July 2)

Harwick mine explosion

January 25, 1904: an explosion at the Harwick mine in Cheswick, Pa killed two hundred miners. Many of the dead lie entombed in the sealed mine to this day. (see Mar 27)

Coppage v. Kansas

January 25, 1915:  the U.S. Supreme Court held that employers could make contracts that forbid employees from joining unions so-called “Yellow-dog” contracts. This case was decided in the era prior to the American Great Depression when the Supreme Court invalidated laws that imposed restrictions on contracts, especially those of employment. During this time, liberty of contract was viewed as a fundamental right, and therefore, only in extreme circumstances, could this right be abridged. (see Mar 3)

César E. Chávez, Dolores Huerta, UFW

January 25, 1972: a double trailer truck driven by a scab driver struck and killed 18-year old Nan Freeman – a college student who responded to appeals for help by striking farm workers at the Talisman Sugar plant near Belle Glade, Florida. Pickets had complained to the police about scab drivers speeding by the picket lines through stop signs at the plant gates to splash rain and mud on the striking workers. César Chávez wrote of Freeman, “…she is a sister who picketed with farm workers in the middle of the night because of her love for justice…to be honored and remembered for as long as farm workers struggle for justice.” (LH, see Apr 1; UFW, see Feb 21)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

Cleo Wright lynched

January 25, 1942: a black man named Cleo Wright was arrested on charges of assaulting a white woman. Wright was shot several times by a city night marshal during his arrest, but the local hospital refused to admit him for treatment due to his race. Police initially brought the ailing Wright to his home to die, but later returned him to the city jail.

By the morning a mob of 75 white men had formed at the jail. They soon overcame city and state police officers and abducted the nearly unconscious Cleo Wright from his cell. The mob then dragged him through the streets of Sunset Addition, Sikeston’s predominantly black neighborhood, where the mob forced Wright’s wife to examine his body, then burned the corpse in front of two black churches in the presence of hundreds of black churchgoers.

A grand jury refused to indict the perpetrators, and no one was ever convicted.  [EJI article] (next BH, see July 1)

Annie Lee Cooper fights back

January 25, 1965: King led another march of about 250 people to the courthouse. When Sheriff Clark painfully twists the arm of Annie Lee Cooper, 54, and shoved her, she hit him — twice. (BH, see Jan 26; MLK, see Feb 1)

Shirley Chisholm

January 25, 1972: Shirley Chisholm, the first African American Congresswoman, announced her candidacy for President. (see Feb 28)

137 SHOTS

January 25, 2016: Cleveland officials said they were firing six police officers involved in a 137-shot barrage that killed two unarmed black people after a high-speed chase.

Those officers included Michael Brelo, a patrolman acquitted of manslaughter charges in May for having fired the last 15 shots of the barrage in East Cleveland on Nov. 29, 2012. The chase began when officers standing outside police headquarters mistook the sound of a beat-up Chevrolet Malibu backfiring as a gunshot.

Six more officers who fired during the barrage face suspensions ranging from 21 to 30 days, said Public Safety Director Michael McGrath, the former police chief. A total of 13 officers had been notified they faced administrative discipline, and one of them has retired, McGrath said. [Guardian article] (see August 8, 2017)

Jackie Robinson statue vandalized

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

January 25, 2024:  vandals entered McAdams Park in Wichita, KS and cut down a statue of Jackie Robinson at its ankles. All that remained was a pair of bronze shoes standing on a base.

A few days later, police received reports of a fire in a trash can at Garvey Park, located roughly seven miles away. When they responded, they found charred pieces of the statue.

In early 2021, League 42, a youth baseball nonprofit in Wichita, unveiled the statue to commemorate the pioneering civil rights leader and professional baseball player. Robinson’s jersey number, 42, is the league’s namesake. [Smithsonian article] (next BH, see Feb 22)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

The Red Scare

January 25, 1956: in a long interview with visiting American attorney Marshall MacDuffie, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev adopted a friendly attitude toward the United States and indicated that he believed President Dwight Eisenhower was sincere in his desire for peace. MacDuffie, a long-time acquaintance of the Soviet leader and a proponent of closer relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, had spent three hours conducting the interview. During the discussion, Khrushchev indicated that it was his desire that “We should have disarmament and we should think how to avoid a new war.” He was critical of some U.S. officials that he accused of making belligerent statements towards the Soviet Union, but he was also quick to point out that he did not hold Eisenhower responsible for those statements. In fact, the Soviet leader praised the president’s leadership, and apparently hoped that Eisenhower might negotiate seriously on a number of issues. (see Mar 8)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

January 25 Music et al

January 25, 1963: Vee-Jay record label of Chicago obtained a contract to release limited number of Beatles records in the U.S. for a limited time period. (see Feb 2)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Vietnam

January 25, 1969: the first fully attended meeting of the formal Paris peace talks was held. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, the chief US negotiator, urged an immediate restoration of a genuine DMZ as the first “practical move toward peace.” Lodge also suggested a mutual withdrawal of “external” military forces and an early release of prisoners of war. Tran Buu Kiem and Xuan Thuy, heads of the National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese delegations respectively, refused Lodge’s proposals and condemned American “aggression.” (see February 1969)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Feminism

Hiring discrimination

January 25, 1971: in Phillips v. Martin Marietta the Supreme Court ruled that it is contrary to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for a company to refuse to hire a woman because she has pre-school aged children when it does not impose a similar restriction on hiring men, even where there is no showing of discrimination against women overall.  (next Feminism, see Mar 21)

Janet Yellen

January 25, 2021: lawmakers confirmed Janet Yellen as Treasury secretary, making her the first woman in American history to hold the position. {CNN article] (next Feminism, see Mar 8)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Charles Manson

January 25, 1971: in Los Angeles, California, cult leader Charles Manson was convicted, along with followers Susan Atkins, Leslie Van Houten, and Patricia Krenwinkle, of the brutal 1969 murders of actress Sharon Tate and six others. (see Mar 29)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

DEATH PENALTY

Herrera v. Collins

January 25, 1993: the Supreme Court in Herrera v. Collins held in a 6-3 vote that a death-row inmate was not ordinarily entitled to relief where a claim of innocence was based on newly discovered evidence, unless the claim also includes an independent constitutional violation. The Supreme Court found that there is no due process violation in the execution of someone who was arguably innocent. (see June 28, 1993)

Bill Bailey hung

January 25, 1996: Delaware executed convicted double-murder Bill Bailey  by hanging. Bailey was the third person executed by hanging since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976 and the first hanging in Delaware since 1946. Bailey was the last person executed by hanging in the US.  (see April 24, 1996)

Nitrogen Gas

January 25, 2024:  Alabama carried out the first American execution using nitrogen gas, killing Kenneth Smith, 58, a convicted murderer, whose jury had voted to spare his life and opening a new frontier in how states execute death row prisoners.

The execution of Smith began at 7:53 p.m. Central time, and he was pronounced dead at 8:25 p.m. in an execution chamber in Atmore, Ala., according to John Q. Hamm, the state prison system’s commissioner. The U.S. Supreme Court allowed the execution to move forward over the objections of its three liberal justices and concerns from death penalty opponents that the untested method would cause Mr. Smith to suffer. [NYT article] (next DP, see January 26)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Nuclear news

Almost Armageddon

January 25, 1995: Russia’s early-warning defense radar detected an unexpected missile launch near Norway, and Russian military command estimated the missile to be only minutes from impact on Moscow. Moments later, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, his defense minister, and his chief of staff were informed of the missile launch. The nuclear command systems switched to combat mode, and the nuclear suitcases carried by Yeltsin and his top commander were activated for the first time in the history of the Soviet-made weapons system. Five minutes after the launch detection, Russian command determined that the missile’s impact point would be outside Russia’s borders. Three more minutes passed, and Yeltsin was informed that the launching was likely not part of a surprise nuclear strike by Western nuclear submarines.

These conclusions came minutes before Yeltsin and his commanders should have ordered a nuclear response based on standard launch on warning protocols. Later, it was revealed that the missile, launched from Spitzbergen, Norway, was actually carrying instruments for scientific measurements. Nine days before, Norway had notified 35 countries, including Russia, of the exact details of the planned launch. The Russian Defense Ministry had received Norway’s announcement but had neglected to inform the on-duty personnel at the early-warning center of the imminent launch. The event raised serious concerns about the quality of the former Soviet Union’s nuclear systems. [BI article] (see May 11)

US/India agreement

January 25, 2015: President Barack Obama and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled plans to unlock billions of dollars in nuclear trade and to deepen defense ties, steps they hoped would establish an enduring strategic partnership.

The two countries reached an understanding on two issues that, despite a groundbreaking 2006 agreement, had stopped U.S. companies from setting up reactors in India and had become one of the major irritants in bilateral relations.

“We are committed to moving towards full implementation,” Obama told a joint news conference with Modi. “This is an important step that shows how we can work together to elevate our relationship.”

The new deal resolved differences over the liability of suppliers to India in the event of a nuclear accident and U.S. demands on tracking the whereabouts of material supplied to the country, U.S. ambassador to India Richard Verma told reporters.

Jeffrey A. Sterling convicted

January 25, 2015: Jeffrey A. Sterling, a former Central Intelligence Agency officer, was convicted of espionage on charges that he told a reporter for The New York Times about a secret operation to disrupt Iran’s nuclear program.

The case revolved around a C.I.A. operation in which a former Russian scientist provided Iran with intentionally flawed nuclear component schematics. Mr. Risen revealed the operation in his 2006 book, “State of War,” describing it as a mismanaged, potentially reckless mission that may have inadvertently aided the Iranian nuclear program. (next N/C N,  see Mar 9; next Iran, see Mar 9)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

CLINTON IMPEACHMENT

Immunity

January 25, 1998: Lewinsky lawyer Ginsburg said she will “tell all” in exchange for immunity. Clinton political adviser James Carville said “a war” will be waged between Clinton supporters and Kenneth Starr over Starr’s investigation tactics.

Dismissal

January 25, 1999: Senators hear arguments about dismissing the charges against President Clinton and then deliberate in secret. (see Clinton for expanded story)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Occupy Wall Street

January 25, 2012: recalling the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago, Adbusters published an ad calling for fifty thousand protesters to Occupy the G8 summit scheduled for May 2012. (see Sept 15)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Americans With Disabilities Act

January 25, 2013: Education Department stated that students with disabilities must be given the opportunity to play on a traditional sports team or have their own leagues. Disabled students who want to play for their school could join traditional teams if officials can make “reasonable modifications” to accommodate them. If those adjustments would fundamentally alter a sport or give the student an advantage, the department is directing the school to create parallel athletic programs that have comparable standing to traditional programs. (see Nov 7)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

TERRORISM

January 25, 2014: an attorney for Steven Joshua Dinkle notified a judge that Dinkle intended to plead guilty at a court hearing. Prosecutors said Dinkle conspired with another person to burn a 6-foot cross in a black neighborhood in an attempt to intimidate its residents. Dinkle was also accused of lying to investigators. Dinkle said that he withdrew from the KKK months before the cross burning.

Dinkle was charged with conspiracy to violate housing rights, criminal interference with the right to fair housing, using fire to commit a federal felony and two counts of obstruction of justice. He will be sentenced in May. (DoJ article) (see Feb 3)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Crime and Punishment

Death-in-prison sentences for juveniles

January 25, 2016: the United States Supreme Court decided that states must retroactively apply the ban on mandatory death-in-prison sentences for juveniles.

On June 24,  2012, the US Supreme Court had struck down automatic life-without-parole sentences for children in Miller v. Alabama. Most state courts applied Miller retroactively to people already serving the banned sentence and granted them a new sentencing hearing, but states including Louisiana and Alabama refused to do so.

This  Montgomery v. Louisiana decision required all states to apply Miller retroactively, which meant that hundreds of people in Louisiana, Alabama, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and several other states which had sentenced people to die in prison for crimes committed as children were entitled to a new sentencing hearing.

Solitary confinement for juveniles

January 25, 2016: President Obama announced a ban on solitary confinement for juveniles in the federal prison system, a practice he said is “increasingly overused . . . with heartbreaking results.”

In a Washington Post op-ed, the president wrote that solitary confinement can have “devastating, lasting psychological consequences,” including an increased risk of suicide, especially for juveniles and people with mental illnesses.  (Washington Post article) (see Mar 23)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Women’s Health

January 25, 2016: the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review North Dakota’s ban on abortion as early as six weeks of pregnancy—allowing a July 2015 ruling from an appellate court striking the measure to stand.

The U.S. Supreme Court had consistently held—first in Roe v. Wade and again in Planned Parenthood v. Casey—that women have a constitutional right to decide whether to end or continue a pregnancy and states cannot ban abortion prior to viability.   The Supreme Court refused to review a decision permanently blocking Arizona’s ban on abortion at 20 weeks of pregnancy in 2013, and courts in Idaho and Georgia have also blocked similar pre-viability bans. (see Mar 4)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Immigration History

Trump’s Wall 1

January 25, 2017: President Trump signed an order to start building a border wall with Mexico and planned to indefinitely block Syrian refugees from entering the United States and to institute a temporary halt on all refugees from the rest of the world. The refugee policies were part of an executive order he was expected to issue on January 26.

The order required tougher vetting of foreigners fleeing persecution and placed a month-long ban on allowing any person into the United States from Iraq, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia or Yemen. Refugee admissions would be halted for 120 days while a review of screening procedures was completed. Upon resumption, the program would be far smaller, with the total number of refugees resettled in the United States more than halved to 50,000 from 110,000.

The mayors of American cities large and small reacted with outrage to the  order which said he would halt funding to municipalities that did not cooperate with federal immigration officials. The defiant officials — from New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and smaller cities, including New Haven; Syracuse; and Austin, Tex., said they were prepared for a protracted fight.

“We’re going to defend all of our people regardless of where they come from, regardless of their immigration status,” Mayor Bill de Blasio of New York said at a news conference with other city officials. (BBC article)  (IH & TW, see Jan 26)

 Trump’s Wall 2

January 25, 2019: President Trump agreed to reopen the federal government for three weeks while negotiations continued over how to secure the nation’s southwestern border, backing down after a monthlong standoff failed to force Democrats to give him billions of dollars for his long-promised wall. (next IH & TW, see Feb 5) or see TW for expanded chronology)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism
Voting Rights

January 25, 2018: Pennsylvania Republican lawmakers filed an emergency application asking the US Supreme Court to stay the State Court’s order to redistrict voting districts because they believed that federal law partly governed the case.

The lawmakers pointed to Article I, Section 4 of the United States Constitution, which said that the times, places and manners of congressional elections “shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof.”

The lawmakers said the State Supreme Court had thus usurped the legislature’s role in violation of federal law. (VR & PA, see Feb 5)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Fair Housing

January 25, 2019: during the government shutdown, in which 800,000 federal workers worked without pay or were furloughed for five weeks alongside 1.2 million federal contractors, the Department of Housing and Urban Development was shuttered, with 95 percent of its staff furloughed. The effects reverberated throughout the country.

Programs like the Fair Housing and Equality Office, which is charged with eliminating housing discrimination, and the Lead Hazard Control and Healthy Homes Office, which helps local governments reduce lead-based paint hazards, were stalled. Vital services, including processing and investigating housing discrimination claims and providing funding for the fair-housing organizations that handle discrimination complaints, disappeared, leaving the patchwork system of federal employees and nonprofit advocates who fight for the victims of housing discrimination unable to serve their most vulnerable clients. (next FH, see July 15)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Trump Impeachment

January 25, 2020: the NYT reported that President Trump’s lawyers wrapped up a brief opening argument against his impeachment much as they had begun, seeking to turn accusations of wrongdoing back on Democrats and insisting that there were innocent explanations for Trump’s actions toward Ukraine.

“They’ve come here today and they’ve basically said, ‘Let’s cancel an election over a meeting with the Ukraine,’” said Pat A. Cipollone, the White House counsel. “It would be a completely irresponsible abuse of power to do what they’re asking you to do: to stop an election, to interfere in an election and to remove the president of the United States from the ballot.” (next TI, see Jan 27 or see Trump for expanded chronology)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

LGBTQ

January 25, 2021: President Biden reversed former President Trump’s ban on transgender troops serving in the military, administration.

With Lloyd J. Austin III, his new defense secretary, by his side in the Oval Office, Biden signed an executive order restoring protections first put in place by former President Barack Obama that opened up the ranks of the armed services to qualified transgender people.

“What I’m doing is enabling all qualified Americans to serve their country in uniform,” Mr. Biden said from behind the Resolute Desk moments before putting his signature on the document. [NYT article] (next LGBTQ, see Feb 11)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism

Native Americans

January 25, 2022: more than 500 acres of California redwood forestland was officially returned to the InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council whose ancestors were expelled from it generations ago.

The land, formerly known as Andersonia West, was purchased by San Francisco conservation group Save the Redwoods League and donated to the the league announced.

The Sinkyone Council consists of 10 federally recognized Northern California tribal nations including the Cahto Tribe of Laytonville Rancheria, the Pinoleville Pomo Nation, and the Round Valley Indian Tribes.

People Indigenous to the land, located in Northern California’s Mendocino County, were “forcibly removed” by European American colonists, according to the league. But today, the Sinkyone people have been empowered with the ability to reclaim — and rename — the land they believe rightfully belongs to them.

“Renaming the property Tc’ih-Léh-Dûñ lets people know that it’s a sacred place; it’s a place for our Native people,” Sinkyone Council board member and tribal citizen Crista Ray said in a statement. “It lets them know that there was a language and that there was a people who lived there. [CNN article] (next NA, see Feb 22)

Space

January 25, 2023: after completing 72 historic flights on Mars over three years, NASA’s Ingenuity helicopter mission ended.

Originally designed as an experiment, Ingenuity became the first aircraft to operate and fly on another world, lifting off on April 19, 2021.

Imagery and data returned to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, showed that one or more of the chopper’s carbon fiber rotor blades was damaged while landing during its final flight this month. The team determined that the helicopter is no longer able to fly, according to the space agency.

Ingenuity, which had traveled to Mars as the Perseverance rover’s trusty sidekick, sits upright on the surface of Mars and mission controllers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory had been able to maintain communications with the rotorcraft.  [CNN article] (next Space, see Feb 12)

January 25 Peace Love Art Activism
Music et al, Peace Love Art and Activism, Today in history

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

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January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

BLACK HISTORY

Scottsboro Travesty

January 24, 1936: while being transported to Birmingham Prison, Ozie Powell attacked a deputy sheriff.  Sheriff Jay Sandlin shot Powell in the head. He lives, but suffers from brain damage for the rest of his life. (see Scottsboro for expanded story)

Emmett Till

January 24, 1956: Look magazine published the confessions of J.W. Milam and Roy Bryant, the two white men who were acquitted in the 1955 kidnapping and murder of Emmett Louis Till.

In the article, titled “The Shocking Story of Approved Killing in Mississippi,” the men detailed how they beat Till with a gun, shot him and threw his body in the Tallahatchie River with a heavy cotton-gin fan attached with barbed wire to his neck to weigh him down. The two killers were paid a reported $4,000 for their participation in the article,  (see expanded Emmett Till story)

Montgomery Bus Boycott

January 24, 1956: Montgomery Mayor Gayle urged whites to stop offering rides to blacks who work for them. (next BH, see Feb 2; see expanded Boycott story)

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR

January 24, 1960: Martin Luther King became co-pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church with his father, “Daddy King.”  (BH, see Feb 1;  MLK, see Oct 19)

Albany Movement

January 24, 1963: the Dougherty County Board of Education rejected voluntary integration of local schools. (next BH, see Feb 8; see AM for expanded story)

Muhammad Ali

January 24, 1964: Ali took an Army evaluation test. (next Ali, see Feb 18; test, see Mar 3)

Dee/Moore Murders

January 24, 2007: a federal grand jury indicted James Ford Seale.  (see DM for expanded chronology)

BLACK & SHOT

January 24, 2017: Los Angeles County prosecutors announced that they would not criminally charge Officers Sharlton Wampler and Antonio Villegas who shot and killed Ezell Ford during a clash near his South L.A. home on August 11, 2014. (see March 26)

BLACK & SHOT/Jenkins and Parker

January 24, 2023: six white law enforcement officers, five from the Rankin County Sheriff’s Office and one from the Richland Police Department, tortured two black men, Michael Jenkins and Eddie Parker, at a home in Braxton, Mississippi. Police were called to the home by a white neighbor who reported that Jenkins and Parker had entered a home with a white woman. The six officers, who referred to themselves as the “Goon Squad“, entered the house without a warrant, then proceeded to torture Jenkins and Parker over the course of the next hour and a half. [Wikipedia entry] (next B & S, see Apr 17; next Parker & Jankins, see March 19, 2024)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

Vietnam

FDR and Vietnamese Independence

January 24, 1944  President Roosevelt wrote that “Indo-China should not go back to France…France has had the country…one hundred years and the people are worse off than they were at the beginning.” Roosevelt envisioned a post-World War II trusteeship for Indochina. (see July 8)

Laos & herbicides

January 24, 1982: a draft of Air Force history reported that the U.S. secretly sprayed herbicides on Laos during the Vietnam War. (see Mar 26)

Nuclear/Chemical News

IAEC

January 24, 1946:  the UN established the International Atomic Energy Commission.  (see Mar 28)

B-52 bomber broke up in mid-airJanuary 24 Peace Love Art Activism

January 24, 1961: a B-52 bomber broke up in mid-air and accidentally dropped two Mark 39 hydrogen bombs over Goldsboro, North Carolina.  As bombs fell, one of the devices behaved precisely as a nuclear weapon was designed to behave in warfare: its parachute opened, its trigger mechanisms engaged, and only one low-voltage switch prevented its explosion.

Each bomb carried a payload of 4 megatons – the equivalent of 4 million tons of TNT explosive. Had the device detonated, lethal fallout could have been deposited over Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and as far north as New York city – putting millions of lives at risk. (NYT article) (see July)

Nuclear-powered Soviet satellite

January 24, 1978: a nuclear-powered Soviet satellite, Cosmos 954, plunged through Earth’s atmosphere and disintegrated, scattering radioactive debris over parts of northern Canada.   (see March 28, 1979)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

January 24 Music et al

The Quarry Men

January 24, 1958: The Quarry Men performed at the Cavern in Liverpool. This would be the Beatles only performance billed as The Quarry Men at the club. It would three years before the band would turn up again at the Cavern but under their new name. (see Feb 6)

see Bob Dylan Talkin’ New York for more

January 24, 1961: Dylan arrived in New York City. He caught a subway down to Greenwich Village and to the Cafe Wha?. It was hootenanny night and the place was half-empty. Dylan asked the owner, Manny Roth, if he could perform — and he did, playing a short set of Woody Guthrie songs.

In the following weeks, Dylan would appear occasionally at the coffee-house, playing harmonica (“blowin’ my lungs out for a dollar a day” is how he put it in his early song, Talkin’ New York) behind Mark Spoelstra and Fred Neil, writer of Dolphins and Everybody’s Talkin’. (next Dylan, see Jan 29)

Brian Epstein

January 24, 1962: Beatles signed Brian Epstein to manage group. (see Mar 7)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

Technological Milestone/Bob Dylan

January 24, 1984:  Apple Computer began selling its first Macintosh model, which boasted a built-in 9-inch monochrome display, a clock rate of 8 megahertz and 128k of RAM.

At the Annual Apple Shareholders meeting, Steve Jobs had quoted the second verse of Bob Dylan’s “The Times They Are A’Changin’:

Come senators, congressmen
Please heed the call
Don’t stand in the doorway
Don’t block up the hall
For he that gets hurt
Will be he who has stalled
 There’s a battle outside
And it is ragin’.
It’ll soon shake your windows
And rattle your walls
For the times they are a-changin’.

(NYT article) (TM, see Aug 30; Dylan, see January 3, 2009)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

Sexual Abuse of Children

Bishop Bernard Francis Law

January 24, 1984: the Vatican-appointed Bishop Bernard Francis Law — Harvard educated and active in the civil rights movement in Mississippi during the 1960s — to head the Catholic archdiocese of Boston. He will be elevated to cardinal a year later.

1985

In 1985 the Rev. Thomas Doyle, a canon lawyer for the Vatican embassy in Washington, wrote a confidential memo for the nation’s Catholic bishops citing 30 cases with 100 sexual abuse victims and projecting a cost to the church of $1 billion over 10 years.

2002

In 2002 Law will leave his post on the same day that he reportedly was ordered to appear before a grand jury investigating his cover up of sex abuse allegations. (see In June 1985)

Larry Nassar

January 24, 2018: in Lansing, Michigan, Judge Rosemarie Aquilina  sentenced Larry Nassar to 40 to 175 years in prison.

Nassar had hung his head and cried periodically during seven days of impact statements from more than 150 athletes who said he sexually abused them. Nassar told a courtroom that he would carry their words with him “for the rest of my days” before he was sentenced.

Prosecutor Angela Povilaitis had asked Aquilina to sentence Nassar to up to 125 years — one year for every person who had submitted a police report at the time of his guilty plea. The plea deal set sentencing guidelines at 25 – 40 years, which means that Nassar had the option to back out of the agreement because Aquilina sentenced him to more than 40 years. (SAC & Nassar, see Jan 26)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

Feminism

January 24, 1994: The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that protesters who block access to abortion clinics or in other ways conspire to stop women from having abortions may be sued under federal anti-racketeering statutes. (NYT article) (see Mar 12)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

CLINTON IMPEACHMENT

Clinton gets assistance

January 24, 1998: President Clinton asked former Deputy White House Chief of Staff Harold Ickes and former Commerce Secretary Mickey Kantor to return to the White House to help deal with the controversy. Talks continue between Starr and attorneys for Lewinsky over a possible immunity agreement.

Monica Lewinsky

January 24, 1999: Monica Lewinsky submits to a nearly two-hour interview with House prosecutors; they call the session “productive” but Lewinsky’s lawyer says it added nothing new to the record. (NYT article) (see Clinton for expanded story)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

LGBTQ

Mississippi

January 24, 2017: Mississippi Gov. Phil Bryant (R) signed into law a bill that allowed businesses to refuse services to gay couples based on religious objections. The new law stated that it protected “sincerely held religious beliefs or moral convictions,” including the belief that marriage was only between a man and a woman and that sexual relations should only occur in such a marriage. It also said that a person’s gender is “determined by anatomy and genetics at time of birth” and went on to say that businesses can determine who is allowed to access bathrooms, dressing rooms and locker rooms. (see Jan 30)

Pope Francis

January 24, 2023, LGBTQ+: Pope Francis criticized laws that criminalize homosexuality as “unjust,” saying God loves all his children just as they are and called on Catholic bishops who support the laws to welcome LGBTQ people into the church.

“Being homosexual isn’t a crime,” Francis said during an interview with The Associated Press.

Francis acknowledged that Catholic bishops in some parts of the world support laws that criminalize homosexuality or discriminate against LGBTQ people, and he himself referred to the issue in terms of “sin.” But he attributed such attitudes to cultural backgrounds, and said bishops in particular need to undergo a process of change to recognize the dignity of everyone. (next LGBTQ+, see Jan 28)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

Trump Impeachment

January 24, 2020: the NYT reported that House Democrats concluded their arguments against President Trump by portraying his pressure campaign on Ukraine as part of a dangerous pattern of Russian appeasement that demanded his removal from office.

The impeachment managers argued that Trump’s abuse of power had slowly shredded delicate foreign alliances to suit his own interests.

“This is Trump first, not America first, not American ideals first,” said Representative Adam B. Schiff of California, the lead House manager. “And the result has been, and will continue to be, grave harm to our nation if this chamber does not stand up and say this is wrong.”

Schiff also appealed to the consciences of Republican senators weighing whether to hear from witnesses and seek more documents that Trump had suppressed. (next TI, see Jan 25 or see Trump for expanded chronology)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism

Space

January 24, 2021:  SpaceX successfully launched an ambitious rideshare mission as one of its veteran boosters hoisted 143 small satellites — a new record for a single rocket — into space before nailing a landing at sea.

The two-stage Falcon 9 rocket lifted off  from the Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

Perched atop the veteran launcher was a stack of 143 satellites as part of SpaceX’s first dedicated rideshare mission, called Transporter-1. The flight allowed SpaceX to flex its ridesharing muscles in a carefully choreographed orbital ballet as its flagship rocket ferried its largest number of payloads yet. [Space.com article] (next Space, see Feb 18)

January 24 Peace Love Art Activism